本文選題：環(huán)境侵權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：因果關(guān)系　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：因果關(guān)系是民事侵權(quán)責(zé)任體系的構(gòu)成要件之一，功能在于為侵權(quán)行為的歸責(zé)提供事實(shí)上的因果鏈條。在民事侵權(quán)訴訟中，因果關(guān)系的認(rèn)定對(duì)于懲罰加害人和救濟(jì)受害人至關(guān)重要。環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任中的因果關(guān)系是特殊的侵權(quán)因果關(guān)系�；诃h(huán)境侵權(quán)具有雙方地位不平等性、侵害過(guò)程的間接性等特點(diǎn)，使得因果關(guān)系的認(rèn)定在環(huán)境侵權(quán)案件中顯得尤為困難。因而，我國(guó)在環(huán)境立法中規(guī)定了因果關(guān)系舉證責(zé)任倒置規(guī)則，以此來(lái)減輕受害人的舉證責(zé)任。但是，由于立法規(guī)定的不明確以及法官理解具有差異性，導(dǎo)致在司法實(shí)踐中因果關(guān)系認(rèn)定的混亂�？梢哉f(shuō)，我國(guó)法律在環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任因果關(guān)系的認(rèn)定方面仍存在著不足。要解決好這些難題，筆者認(rèn)為可以借鑒國(guó)外所提出的因果關(guān)系推定理論。如：蓋然性因果關(guān)系理論、疫學(xué)因果關(guān)系理論以及間接反證理論等。首先，在我國(guó)適用因果關(guān)系推定必須在遵循因果關(guān)系“兩分法”模式的基礎(chǔ)之上，明確環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任中因果關(guān)系的推定主要是事實(shí)上因果關(guān)系的推定。其次，，在立法上確立因果關(guān)系推定原則。再次，將舉證責(zé)任倒置規(guī)則與因果關(guān)系推定的諸方法相結(jié)合。同時(shí)，為了使這些因果關(guān)系推定方法能夠具有較好的可操作性，還需要格外注意理論本土化以及配套機(jī)制的建立問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Causality is one of the constitutive elements of tort liability system, and its function is to provide a de facto chain of causation for tort liability. The determination of causality is very important to punish the offender and remedy the victim. The causality in the civil liability of environmental tort is a special tort causality. Because of the indirectness of the process of infringement, it is particularly difficult to identify the causality in environmental tort cases. Therefore, our country has stipulated the rules of reversal of the burden of proof of causation in the environmental legislation. In order to reduce the burden of proof of the victim. However, due to the unclear provisions of the legislation and the differences in the understanding of the judge, it leads to confusion in the identification of causality in judicial practice. In order to solve these problems, the author thinks that we can draw lessons from the theory of presumption of causality put forward by foreign countries, such as the theory of causality of inevitability. First of all, the presumption of causality in China must be based on the dichotomy model of causation. It is clear that the presumption of causality in environmental tort civil liability is mainly the presumption of causality in fact. Secondly, the principle of presumption of causation is established in legislation. The inversion rule of burden of proof is combined with the methods of presumption of causality. In order to make these methods of presumption of causality more operable, special attention should be paid to the localization of theory and the establishment of supporting mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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