【摘要】： 根據(jù)《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》(GATS)的定義，國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易包括四種方式：跨境提供；境外消費(fèi)；商業(yè)存在；自然人移動(dòng)。根據(jù)該定義，國(guó)際勞務(wù)合作是以自然人移動(dòng)方式進(jìn)行的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作及貿(mào)易活動(dòng)，是國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易的重要組成部分。 如同其他形式的國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易一樣，在當(dāng)前全球經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，國(guó)際勞務(wù)合作在其不斷發(fā)展壯大過(guò)程中，遭遇的貿(mào)易壁壘也不斷增多。在這一領(lǐng)域中的貿(mào)易壁壘，其形式要比貨物貿(mào)易的壁壘隱蔽、復(fù)雜的多。因?yàn)樵谪浳镔Q(mào)易中的壁壘主要來(lái)自關(guān)稅壁壘，而國(guó)際勞務(wù)合作領(lǐng)域的壁壘往往使用浮動(dòng)匯率、外匯管制、開(kāi)業(yè)權(quán)限制等手段進(jìn)行，而且，，勞務(wù)合作主要涉及自然人的移動(dòng)，因而一國(guó)往往利用移民法、勞動(dòng)法對(duì)外國(guó)勞務(wù)人員實(shí)施市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、國(guó)民待遇方面的限制。以我國(guó)對(duì)日本派遣勞務(wù)性研修生這種勞務(wù)合作形式為例，由于在日本現(xiàn)行的法律制度下，勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)不對(duì)外開(kāi)放，其現(xiàn)行的移民法(《入國(guó)管理及難民識(shí)別法》)又將赴日研修生定義為學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)及技能的外國(guó)人，不承認(rèn)其“勞務(wù)人員”的資格，因此我國(guó)的赴日勞務(wù)研修人員不能享受到國(guó)際勞務(wù)合作領(lǐng)域的基本勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)，我國(guó)的勞務(wù)派遣機(jī)構(gòu)也不能名正言順地獲取勞務(wù)利潤(rùn)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)，各勞務(wù)派遣機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛采取與研修生簽訂“雙重合同”的辦法，以規(guī)避各種矛盾。通過(guò)簽訂“雙重合同”在一定程度上解決了我國(guó)勞務(wù)人員進(jìn)入日本勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)的準(zhǔn)入障礙，但同時(shí)它帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響也不容忽視。本文以我國(guó)對(duì)日派遣勞務(wù)活動(dòng)中出現(xiàn)的種種問(wèn)題為切入點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用WTO基本原則，提出并分析解決問(wèn)題的可行性方案。
[Abstract]:According to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), international trade in services includes four ways: cross-border provision; overseas consumption; commercial presence; and movement of natural persons. According to this definition, international labor cooperation is the international economic cooperation and trade activity carried out by the movement of natural persons, and it is an important part of international trade in services. Like other forms of international trade in services, in the current global economic environment, international labor cooperation in its continuous development and expansion process, encountered trade barriers are also increasing. Trade barriers in this field are more subtle and more complicated than barriers to trade in goods. Because barriers to trade in goods come mainly from tariff barriers, while barriers in the field of international labor cooperation are often carried out by means of floating exchange rates, foreign exchange controls, restrictions on the right to open business, etc. Moreover, labor cooperation mainly involves the movement of natural persons. Thus, a country often uses immigration laws and labor laws to impose market access and national treatment restrictions on foreign labor workers. Take the form of labor cooperation between China and Japan as an example. Under the current Japanese legal system, the labor market is not open to the outside world. Its current immigration law (the Immigration Administration and Refugee Identification Act) also defines a student going to Japan as a foreigner who studies skills and does not recognize his qualifications as a "worker". Therefore, our labor training personnel in Japan can not enjoy the basic labor standards in the field of international labor cooperation, at the same time, our labor dispatch organizations can not get the profit of labor services in good name. In order to realize profit, labor dispatch agencies adopt the method of signing "double contract" with graduate students one after another in order to avoid all kinds of contradictions. To a certain extent, the "double contract" has solved the barriers to entry of Chinese labor workers into the Japanese labor market, but at the same time, its negative impact should not be ignored. Based on the problems in the dispatch of labor services to Japan, this paper puts forward and analyzes the feasible scheme of solving the problem by applying the basic principles of WTO.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號(hào)】：D996

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