發(fā)布時間：2018-06-03 08:27

  本文選題：農(nóng)民工 + 就業(yè)歧視��； 參考：《貴州大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 自上世紀(jì)80年代始,隨著改革開放的深入和工業(yè)化城市化進(jìn)程的加快,大量農(nóng)村剩余勞動力進(jìn)城務(wù)工,他們的戶籍身份是農(nóng)民,卻從事著非農(nóng)勞動,并以此為主要生活來源,這就形成了我國社會的一個特殊群體——城市農(nóng)民工。農(nóng)民工在各行各業(yè)中用辛勤的勞動為社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),而作為勞動者和建設(shè)者的農(nóng)民工,其自身的權(quán)益卻缺乏應(yīng)有保障,各種侵害農(nóng)民工權(quán)益現(xiàn)象十分嚴(yán)重,不僅損害了農(nóng)民工的利益,也帶來了一系列嚴(yán)重的社會問題。如何保護(hù)農(nóng)民工的權(quán)益,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會公平,構(gòu)建和諧社會,已成為中國社會所普遍關(guān)注的話題。 基于這樣一種狀況,本文對有關(guān)農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)及其保障問題進(jìn)行了一番探析,并分成四個部分作了論述。 第一部分是關(guān)于農(nóng)民工概述。農(nóng)民工是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期的特殊概念,是指戶籍身份還是農(nóng)民、有承包土地,但主要從事非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)、以工資為主要收入來源的人員。作為一個特殊的勞動者群體,“農(nóng)民”是這一群體的身份標(biāo)志；“非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)”是這一群體的職業(yè)標(biāo)志。從這一群體的身份及職業(yè)標(biāo)志來看,他們實(shí)際上是介于城鄉(xiāng)之間的非農(nóng)非城的邊緣群體。伴隨著一個國家的工業(yè)化進(jìn)程及農(nóng)村勞動生產(chǎn)率水平的提高,農(nóng)民從農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè),從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)向城市是各國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的一種共同趨勢,但是由于我國體制轉(zhuǎn)型與社會結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型沒有同步進(jìn)行,農(nóng)業(yè)過剩勞動力向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移采取的是“農(nóng)民工”這樣一種特殊的形式。 第二部分是關(guān)于農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)的內(nèi)涵解析及其保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀。首先,本文將平等就業(yè)權(quán)界定為一個權(quán)利束,包含有平等的就業(yè)機(jī)會與其他相關(guān)的就業(yè)權(quán)利,對于相關(guān)就業(yè)權(quán)利本文主要論述的是平等就業(yè)權(quán)、勞動報(bào)酬權(quán)和社會保障權(quán)。而后,本文認(rèn)為,農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)在有著一般平等就業(yè)權(quán)本質(zhì)的同時,由于其特殊權(quán)利主體即農(nóng)民工而顯現(xiàn)出了特殊性。他們的戶籍身份還是農(nóng)民,但卻跨地區(qū)外出從事非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)并以工資為主要收入來源,社會身份與職業(yè)的分離,使他們成為不同于城市居民也不同于農(nóng)村居民的第三元社會群體,因此其平等就業(yè)權(quán)顯示出了不同的特性和保障需求。依照前部分界定的農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)的內(nèi)涵,分別論述了農(nóng)民工在平等就業(yè)機(jī)會、勞動報(bào)酬權(quán)和社會保障權(quán)等方面的實(shí)現(xiàn)中遭受的就業(yè)歧視。農(nóng)民工沒有獲得與城市居民平等的就業(yè)機(jī)會,其工資長期處于較低水平且經(jīng)常遭到拖欠,極低的參保率和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)比例等等,都說明了農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)普遍受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害的現(xiàn)狀。 第三部分從立法、行政執(zhí)法和司法三個方面分析了對農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)進(jìn)行保護(hù)的困境。包括立法缺位及規(guī)定不完善、勞動執(zhí)法不力、司法上缺乏專門的法律援助機(jī)構(gòu)等方面。同時對各國保護(hù)勞工就業(yè)權(quán)的立法情況著一考察,“取其所長補(bǔ)己之短”,借鑒各國的有效經(jīng)驗(yàn)和優(yōu)秀做法。在進(jìn)行法律審思的過程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)我國法律法規(guī)對于農(nóng)民工在就業(yè)權(quán)方面的保護(hù)上還存在著嚴(yán)重的盲區(qū),這就為第四部分展開提供了一個研究空間。 第四部分是前三部分論述的落腳點(diǎn)所在,是本文最為重要的一個部分,探討的是農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)的法律保障問題。針對上文所述農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)受損的現(xiàn)狀以及該現(xiàn)狀的成因,提出了幾點(diǎn)制度構(gòu)想。一是建立反就業(yè)歧視制度。首先是從立法上完善我國在保護(hù)農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益上的措施,為保障農(nóng)民工的平等就業(yè)權(quán)提供法律上的有力依據(jù)。其次,完善有關(guān)勞動法律法規(guī)也是十分重要的,《勞動法》規(guī)定的修改完善以及《反就業(yè)歧視法》等具體的可操作的法律法規(guī)的盡快出臺都是建立反就業(yè)歧視制度的重要部分,可以對農(nóng)民工平等就業(yè)權(quán)作出強(qiáng)有力的保障。二是加強(qiáng)勞動執(zhí)法力度,保證農(nóng)民工的基本就業(yè)權(quán)利得到落實(shí)。三是逐步推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革,消除農(nóng)民工的身份標(biāo)簽,還原其平等的社會主體地位。四是完善農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)保障的相關(guān)法律責(zé)任制度,加強(qiáng)行政責(zé)任和刑事責(zé)任。五是暢通保護(hù)農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)的救濟(jì)機(jī)制。改革現(xiàn)行程序立法,提升司法效率與執(zhí)行強(qiáng)度,健全司法救助制度,為農(nóng)民工提供行之有效的保障途徑。
[Abstract]:Since the 80s of the last century, with the deepening of reform and opening up and the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural surplus labor force to work in the city, their household registration status is farmers, but they are engaged in non-agricultural labor, and take this as the main source of life, which has formed a special group of Chinese Society - urban migrant workers. The hard work of all walks of life has made great contributions to the construction of socialist modernization. As a laborer and builder, the rights and interests of the migrant workers are not guaranteed. The rights and interests of all kinds of migrant workers are very serious, which not only damages the benefits of migrant workers, but also brings a series of serious social problems. How to protect the rights and interests of migrant workers, achieve social equity and build a harmonious society has become a topic of common concern in Chinese society.
Based on such a situation, this paper makes an analysis of the equal employment right of migrant workers and its protection, and discusses it in four parts.
The first part is about the overview of migrant workers. Migrant workers are the special concepts in the period of economic and social transformation in China. It refers to the household registration status or the farmers, the contracted land, but mainly engaged in non-agricultural industries, with wages as the main source of income. As a special worker group, "farmers" is the identity symbol of this group. Agricultural industry is the professional symbol of this group. From the identity and professional marks of this group, they are in fact a marginal group of non-agricultural non cities between urban and rural areas. With the industrialization process of a country and the improvement of the productivity level of rural labor, farmers turn from agriculture to non-agricultural industries and from rural to cities. There is a common trend in economic development, but due to the lack of synchronization between China's institutional transformation and social structure transformation, the transfer of surplus agricultural labor to non-agricultural industries is a special form of "migrant workers".
The second part is about the connotation analysis and protection status of equal employment rights of migrant workers. First, this article defines equal employment right as a right bundle, including equal employment opportunities and other related employment rights. The article mainly deals with the equal employment right, labor remuneration right and social security right for the relevant employment rights. After that, the author believes that the equal employment rights of migrant workers have the nature of the equal right to employment, while the special rights subject, namely the migrant workers, show the particularity. Their household registration status is still a farmer, but they go out in the non-agricultural industry and take the salary as the main income source across the region, and the separation of social identity and occupation makes them separate. As the third yuan social group different from the urban residents and the rural residents, the right to equal employment shows different characteristics and security needs. According to the connotation of equal employment rights of migrant workers defined in the previous part, the realization of equal employment opportunities, labor remuneration rights and social security rights of migrant workers is discussed respectively. The employment discrimination in which the migrant workers are not equal to the urban residents, their wages are at a low level and often are in arrears, the very low participation rate and the proportion of vocational training, all of which indicate the situation of serious damage to the equal employment rights of migrant workers.
The third part analyzes the plight of protecting the equal employment rights of migrant workers from three aspects of legislation, administrative law enforcement and judicature, including the absence of legislation and the imperfect regulations, poor labor enforcement and the lack of special legal aid institutions in the judiciary. In the process of legal thinking, the author found that there is still a serious blind area for the protection of migrant workers in the right to employment in the process of legal thinking, which provides a research space for the fourth part.
The fourth part is the foothold of the first three parts, which is the most important part of this article. It discusses the legal protection of the equal employment rights of migrant workers. In the light of the status of the damage to the equal employment right of migrant workers and the causes of the present situation, the author puts forward some ideas of the system. First, to establish a system of anti employment discrimination. It is to improve our country's measures to protect the employment rights of migrant workers from legislation, and provide a powerful legal basis for guaranteeing the equal employment rights of migrant workers. Secondly, it is also very important to improve the relevant labor laws and regulations, the amendment and improvement of the labor law, as well as the specific and operable laws and regulations of "anti employment disambiguation" and so on as soon as possible. The introduction of the system is an important part of the establishment of the anti employment discrimination system, which can make a strong guarantee for the equal employment rights of migrant workers. Two is to strengthen labor enforcement and ensure the implementation of the basic employment rights of migrant workers. Three is to gradually promote the reform of the household registration system, eliminate migrant workers' identity labels, and restore their equal social status. The four is to improve the relevant legal responsibility system for the employment rights of migrant workers, strengthen the administrative responsibility and criminal responsibility. Five is the relief mechanism to protect the employment rights of migrant workers. Reform the current procedural legislation, improve the judicial efficiency and execution intensity, improve the judicial assistance system, and provide effective means of guarantee for migrant workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郭海濱;我國流動人口治安管理中的問題及對策研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1972134