本文選題：環(huán)境訴訟 + 環(huán)境參與權(quán)　； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境問(wèn)題是人類發(fā)展所必須應(yīng)對(duì)的課題，從最初的單純依靠政府公權(quán)力，到后來(lái)人們意識(shí)到要想高效的緩解環(huán)境問(wèn)題，需要借助公眾參與的力量，，環(huán)境訴訟就在這股思辨熱潮中應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。中國(guó)的環(huán)境訴訟在立法上基本處于空白狀態(tài)，但在司法實(shí)踐中，許多地區(qū)正在進(jìn)行大膽的創(chuàng)新，并且具有一定的成果。然而中國(guó)的環(huán)境訴訟制度如何構(gòu)建，構(gòu)建之路處在何方，向什么方向走是更好的選擇正是本文將要探討的問(wèn)題。 本文主要通過(guò)價(jià)值分析法、比較研究法和實(shí)證分析法進(jìn)行研究，文章分為五個(gè)部分，第一部分是環(huán)境訴訟的概述，其中介紹了環(huán)境訴訟的內(nèi)涵、特征和立法目的。本文認(rèn)為環(huán)境訴訟隸屬于公益訴訟，同時(shí)因?yàn)樵谠V訟請(qǐng)求、法律責(zé)任、訴訟主體資格方面顯著區(qū)別于民事訴訟、行政訴訟、刑事訴訟，所以其應(yīng)具有獨(dú)立的訴訟地位。第二部分主要從實(shí)體上的環(huán)境權(quán)和程序上的環(huán)境訴權(quán)介紹了環(huán)境訴訟的理論基礎(chǔ)。第三部分是國(guó)外環(huán)境訴訟制度的簡(jiǎn)介與比較研究，其中選取美國(guó)、印度作為英美法系的代表國(guó)家，德國(guó)、日本作為大陸法系的代表國(guó)家，比較研究了這四國(guó)的環(huán)境訴訟制度。通過(guò)比較研究可以看出這四國(guó)在環(huán)境訴訟制度中都注重保障公眾的環(huán)境參與權(quán)，并且在程序方面都采取了向原告傾斜的保障性程序，但一些國(guó)家環(huán)境訴訟制度還面臨著缺乏實(shí)體權(quán)利根基和訴訟效率低下等問(wèn)題。第四部分介紹了我國(guó)環(huán)境訴訟的立法現(xiàn)狀和司法實(shí)踐。立法現(xiàn)狀方面，我國(guó)有環(huán)境訴訟的法律條款多為倡導(dǎo)、宣言式“軟法”，沒(méi)有詳細(xì)的具體規(guī)定和保障性條款。司法實(shí)踐方面，一些地方法院正在開(kāi)始積極探索環(huán)境專業(yè)化審判模式——環(huán)保法庭，但是卻面臨著受案量小的窘境。第五部分是本文的主體部分，包括應(yīng)然的環(huán)境訴訟的運(yùn)行機(jī)制構(gòu)建和實(shí)然的推進(jìn)路徑兩個(gè)方面。在應(yīng)然的環(huán)境訴訟運(yùn)行機(jī)制構(gòu)建方面，應(yīng)在保障環(huán)境權(quán)和環(huán)境訴權(quán)、堅(jiān)持程序法治原則和以保護(hù)環(huán)境為根本宗旨的指導(dǎo)思想下進(jìn)行研究。在實(shí)然的環(huán)境訴訟立法推進(jìn)方面，可以先在環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)公眾參與中規(guī)定司法救濟(jì)程序，以此來(lái)“試水”環(huán)境訴訟程序，等到理論研究和司法實(shí)踐都成熟之際，可以再制定統(tǒng)一的環(huán)境訴訟法。司法推進(jìn)方面，可以根據(jù)資源稟賦和環(huán)境糾紛發(fā)生概率的不同有選擇的設(shè)立環(huán)保法庭，并通過(guò)專業(yè)培訓(xùn)來(lái)有效的開(kāi)展環(huán)境訴訟專門化審判。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is a subject that human development must deal with, from the simple reliance on the public power of the government at first, to the realization that people need the force of public participation to alleviate the environmental problem efficiently.Environmental litigation has come into being in this speculative craze.Environmental litigation in China is basically blank in legislation, but in judicial practice, many regions are carrying out bold innovation and have certain achievements.However, how to construct the environmental litigation system in China, where to build and what direction to take is a better choice.This article mainly through the value analysis method, the comparison research method and the demonstration analysis method carries on the research, the article is divided into five parts, the first part is the outline of the environmental lawsuit, which has introduced the environmental lawsuit connotation, the characteristic and the legislative purpose.This paper holds that environmental litigation belongs to public interest litigation, and it should have an independent litigation status because of its distinct differences from civil litigation, administrative litigation and criminal litigation in the aspects of litigation request, legal liability and subject qualification of litigation.The second part mainly introduces the theoretical basis of environmental litigation from substantive environmental rights and procedural environmental litigation rights.The third part is a brief introduction and comparative study of the environmental litigation system in foreign countries, in which the United States, India as the representative countries of the Anglo-American legal system, Germany and Japan as the representative countries of the continental law system, comparative study of the environmental litigation system of these four countries.Through the comparative study, we can see that these four countries pay attention to the protection of the public's right to participate in the environment in the environmental litigation system, and all have adopted the safeguard procedure in favor of the plaintiff in the procedural aspect.However, some national environmental litigation systems are faced with problems such as lack of substantive right foundation and inefficient litigation.The fourth part introduces the legislative status and judicial practice of environmental litigation in China.In the aspect of legislation, most of the legal provisions of environmental litigation in our country are advocated, and "soft law" of declaration type, there are no detailed specific provisions and indemnificatory provisions.In judicial practice, some local courts are actively exploring the environmental justice model-environmental courts, but are faced with a small number of cases.The fifth part is the main part of this paper, which includes two aspects: the construction of the operational mechanism and the actual path of environmental litigation.In the aspect of constructing the operating mechanism of environmental litigation, we should study it under the guiding ideology of protecting environmental rights and environmental litigation rights, adhering to the principle of procedural rule by law and taking the protection of the environment as the basic purpose.With regard to the promotion of environmental litigation legislation, the judicial relief procedure can be stipulated in the public participation in environmental impact assessment first, so as to "test water" environmental litigation procedure, and wait until the theoretical research and judicial practice are mature.A uniform environmental procedural law can be established again.In the aspect of judicial advancement, environmental courts can be set up selectively according to the resource endowment and the probability of environmental disputes, and the specialized trial of environmental litigation can be effectively carried out through professional training.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D925;D922.5

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