用人單位懲戒權(quán)法律規(guī)制研究
本文選題:懲戒權(quán) 切入點(diǎn):勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律 出處:《首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:用人單位為了維護(hù)勞動(dòng)秩序,在企業(yè)規(guī)章制度中都會(huì)以明文的方式規(guī)定勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律,并同時(shí)規(guī)定違反勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律時(shí)的懲戒措施。目前國內(nèi)的立法來看,法律賦予了用人單位制定勞動(dòng)規(guī)章制度及勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律的權(quán)利,并確認(rèn)其有效性。但是,立法卻沒有明確用人單位懲戒違反勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律的員工是否具有正當(dāng)性。實(shí)踐中懲戒權(quán)廣泛存在,用人單位濫用懲戒權(quán)侵犯勞動(dòng)者合法權(quán)益的現(xiàn)象也屢見不鮮。本文通過十二個(gè)典型案例提出問題,從法律性質(zhì)、法律限度以及違法救濟(jì)三個(gè)方面對用人單位的懲戒權(quán)的法律規(guī)制進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)和深入的研究。就懲戒權(quán)法律性質(zhì)而言,目前有肯定說和否定說兩種觀點(diǎn),其中肯定說又分為固有權(quán)說、契約說、集體合意說、法規(guī)范說、企業(yè)秩序維護(hù)說。本文認(rèn)為,用人單位懲戒制度的性質(zhì)是根據(jù)勞動(dòng)關(guān)系衍生出的一種特殊的契約關(guān)系,勞動(dòng)者集體或集體代表與用人單位雙方進(jìn)行合意,根據(jù)法律授予的自主管理權(quán),規(guī)定每一個(gè)勞動(dòng)者在該用人單位需要遵守的規(guī)則。即勞動(dòng)者基于勞動(dòng)從屬關(guān)系,與用人單位訂立的一種特殊的契約,在勞動(dòng)者不遵守勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律時(shí),用人單位基于此種特殊約定得享有懲戒該勞動(dòng)者的權(quán)力,以此來維護(hù)用人單位勞動(dòng)秩序。懲戒權(quán)適用的主體范圍僅僅是該用人單位的內(nèi)部,針對于該用人單位簽訂勞動(dòng)合同的不特定勞動(dòng)者,就懲戒權(quán)法律限度而言,應(yīng)當(dāng)以懲罰為輔、教育為主。懲戒權(quán)是用人單位維護(hù)其勞動(dòng)秩序的手段,適用時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)兼顧企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)與勞動(dòng)者的合法權(quán)益,不能過分加重勞動(dòng)者負(fù)擔(dān)。勞動(dòng)者違反用人單位勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)就違紀(jì)者進(jìn)行處罰,不得對違紀(jì)者之外的勞動(dòng)者進(jìn)行處罰。同時(shí),勞動(dòng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)被平等對待,相同的違紀(jì)行為應(yīng)承擔(dān)同樣的懲戒處罰。如果用人單位在懲戒行為發(fā)生后較長一段時(shí)間內(nèi)沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)勞動(dòng)者的違紀(jì)行為,若懲戒已無必要,則可以對勞動(dòng)者免于處罰。就濫用懲戒權(quán)法律救濟(jì)而言,現(xiàn)行法律、政策等為勞動(dòng)者提供了一些救濟(jì)權(quán)利的途徑,包括投訴、申訴、舉報(bào),與用人單位協(xié)商,向相關(guān)組織申請調(diào)解,向勞動(dòng)仲裁部門申請仲裁與向法院提起訴訟。但是這些救濟(jì)途徑無法有效實(shí)現(xiàn)受懲戒勞動(dòng)者維權(quán)目的。通過在用人單位內(nèi)部設(shè)立懲戒救濟(jì)機(jī)制、賦予勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察大隊(duì)對違法懲戒的救濟(jì)職責(zé)、將部分懲戒措施引起的爭議納入訴訟受案范圍等具體措施也可以對具體懲戒行為的濫用進(jìn)行救濟(jì)。
[Abstract]:In order to maintain labor order, the employing units will stipulate labor discipline in an explicit manner in the enterprise rules and regulations, and at the same time stipulate disciplinary measures in case of violation of labor discipline. The law gives employers the right to formulate labor rules and regulations and discipline, and confirms their validity. However, the legislation does not make it clear whether it is legitimate for employers to discipline employees who violate labor discipline. It is also common for employers to abuse their disciplinary power to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of workers. This paper makes a systematic and in-depth study on the legal regulation of the right to discipline of the employing unit from the three aspects of legal limitation and illegal remedy. As far as the legal nature of the right to discipline is concerned, there are two points of view at present: positive and negative. Among them, the affirmation theory is divided into the firm right theory, the contract theory, the collective agreement theory, the law norm theory, and the enterprise order maintenance theory. This paper holds that the nature of the unit of choose and employ persons' disciplinary system is a special contractual relationship derived from the labor relations. The collective or collective representatives of the laborer and the employing unit agree that, according to the autonomous management power granted by law, each laborer is required to abide by the rules of the employer, that is, the laborer is based on the labor subordination, A special contract concluded with an employing unit in which, when a worker fails to observe labor discipline, the employing unit shall, on the basis of such special agreement, have the power to discipline the worker, In order to maintain the labor order of the employing unit, the subject scope of the application of the disciplinary power is only the internal scope of the employer. For the unspecified laborer who has signed the labor contract with the employer, the punishment should be supplemented by the punishment as far as the legal limit of the disciplinary power is concerned. The right to discipline is the means by which the employer maintains its labor order. When applicable, it should take into account the production of the enterprise and the legitimate rights and interests of the laborer, and the burden on the laborer should not be unduly increased. When the laborer violates the labor discipline of the employing unit, The defaulter shall be punished, and no worker other than the defaulter shall be punished. At the same time, the worker shall be treated equally, If the employer does not find any violation of discipline by the laborer within a long period of time after the disciplinary act, if the punishment is no longer necessary, As far as legal remedies for abuse of disciplinary power are concerned, current laws and policies provide workers with access to relief rights, including complaints, complaints, reports, and consultations with employers. Apply for mediation to relevant organizations, apply to the labor arbitration department for arbitration and bring a lawsuit to the court. However, these remedies can not effectively achieve the purpose of safeguarding the rights of disciplined workers. By setting up a disciplinary relief mechanism within the employing unit, It can also remedy the abuse of specific disciplinary actions by entrusting the labor inspection brigade with the duty to remedy the illegal punishment and bringing the disputes caused by some disciplinary measures into the scope of litigation cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:D922.5
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