本文選題：危險化學品　切入點：行政許可　出處：《南京師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：危險化學品作為化學品的重要組成之一,在人們生產、生活中承擔著越來越重要的作用。但是,由于危險化學品具有易燃易爆、有毒有害、高腐蝕等化學特性,所以一旦發(fā)生安全事故,將造成巨大破壞和損失。因此,危險化學品的安全管理在全球已經成為重要的研究課題,美國、歐盟和日本從上世紀六七十年代就開始進行化學品安全管理立法,并形成了符合各自國情的危險化學品安全管理法律體系。國際社會也先后發(fā)布了《全球化學品統(tǒng)一分類和標簽制度》、《關于在國際貿易中對某些危險化學品和農藥采用事先知情同意程序的鹿特丹公約》等一系列協(xié)議和公約。鑒于此,我國也相繼頒布了一系列涉及危險化學品安全管理的法律法規(guī),例如2002年頒布實施的《中華人民共和國安全生產法》、2002年制定2011年修訂的《危險化學品安全管理條例》等。在危險化學品安全管理方面,我國已經形成較為完善的法律體系。但是,近年來我國危險化學品安全事故依然頻頻發(fā)生,2016年8月12日天津瑞海公司發(fā)生的特大爆炸案,更是使得政府和社會公眾意識到危險化學品安全管理在實際執(zhí)行中依然存在著諸多問題,因此分析我國危險化學品安全管理制度實施過程中的不足,完善并切實落實我國危險化學品安全管理制度具有深遠的理論和實踐意義。本文共五章。第一章,筆者對我國現(xiàn)有的危險化學品安全管理的法律法規(guī)和相關制度進行了梳理,介紹了我國危險化學品管理制度的主要內容,并對危險化學品管理制度進行了評析;第二章,筆者對我國危險化學品管理制度實施中存在的問題進行了分析。該部分結合具體安全事故,探討我國危險化學品管理制度實施中存在的諸多問題。主要從從業(yè)企業(yè)自身守法情況,行政執(zhí)法監(jiān)督情況,信息化建設情況,應急措施、事故問責等幾個方面進行分析。第三章,筆者針對我國危險化學品管理制度實施中的種種問題,結合現(xiàn)有的危險化學品管理制度和實務,深入分析造成這些問題的可能原因。第四章,筆者分別對美國、歐盟、日本三個國家或地區(qū)的危險化學品安全管理制度進行了介紹,并從中尋找借鑒解決我國危險化學品安全管理制度實施中諸多問題的解決之道。第五章,筆者根據上述已有的問題和原因分析,借鑒國外的先進經驗,結合我國已有的制度和具體國情,提出針對我國危險化學品管理制度實施的行之有效的完善對策。
[Abstract]:As an important component of chemicals, hazardous chemicals play a more and more important role in people's production and life. However, because of their flammable and explosive, toxic and harmful, high corrosion and other chemical characteristics, Therefore, once a safety accident occurs, it will cause great damage and loss. Therefore, the safe management of hazardous chemicals has become an important research topic in the world, the United States, The European Union and Japan have been implementing chemical safety management legislation since 0th century in the 1960s and 1970s. The international community has also issued the globally Harmonized system of Classification and labelling of Chemicals, on the issue of international trade of certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides, and formed a legal system for the safety management of hazardous chemicals in accordance with their respective national conditions, and the international community has successively issued the globally Harmonized system of Classification and labelling of Chemicals. A series of agreements and conventions, such as the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior informed consent procedure. China has also promulgated a series of laws and regulations concerning the safety management of hazardous chemicals. For example, the "Law of the people's Republic of China on Safety in production" promulgated in 2002 and the regulations on the Safety of Hazardous Chemicals amended on 2011 were formulated on 2002. China has already formed a relatively perfect legal system. However, in recent years, dangerous chemical safety accidents in China have occurred frequently. In August 12th 2016, a huge explosion occurred in Tianjin Ruihai Company. It also makes the government and the public realize that there are still many problems in the practical implementation of the safety management of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, it analyzes the deficiencies in the implementation of the safety management system of hazardous chemicals in China. It is of profound theoretical and practical significance to perfect and implement the safety management system of hazardous chemicals in our country. There are five chapters in this paper. In the first chapter, the author sorts out the existing laws and regulations of the safety management of hazardous chemicals in China. This paper introduces the main contents of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China, and evaluates the management system of hazardous chemicals. The author analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of hazardous chemicals management system in China. This paper discusses the problems existing in the implementation of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China, mainly from the following aspects: the enterprises themselves abide by the law, the administrative law enforcement supervision, the information construction, the emergency measures, Chapter three, aiming at the problems in the implementation of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China, combining the existing management system and practice of hazardous chemicals, In Chapter 4th, the author introduces the safety management systems of hazardous chemicals in three countries or regions, namely, the United States, the European Union and Japan. In chapter 5th, based on the analysis of the existing problems and reasons, the author draws lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, and finds a way to solve the problems in the implementation of the safety management system of hazardous chemicals in China. According to the existing system and specific conditions of our country, this paper puts forward some effective and perfect countermeasures for the implementation of the management system of hazardous chemicals in China.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.54

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