【摘要】：災(zāi)害問題也是經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,聯(lián)合國資料統(tǒng)計(jì)說明,我國是自20世紀(jì)以來,繼美國、日本之后世界上遭受自然災(zāi)害損失特別嚴(yán)重的國家之一。平均每年自然災(zāi)害總數(shù)在世界最嚴(yán)重災(zāi)害總數(shù)中就占有七分之一。據(jù)資料顯示,我國自然災(zāi)害近些年每年造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失都在1,000億元以上,此外,從巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償角度來說,世界巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)的均賠付率都已超過30%,而我國保險(xiǎn)業(yè)提供的保險(xiǎn)保障和經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償只占巨災(zāi)造成損失的很小比例,遠(yuǎn)低于世界平均水平。這些都證明在巨災(zāi)損失補(bǔ)償中我國保險(xiǎn)業(yè)并沒有發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用。另一方面,我國目前災(zāi)害補(bǔ)償方式主要是依靠國家財(cái)政救濟(jì)和社會(huì)公益救助,一旦發(fā)生大的自然災(zāi)害,就會(huì)使得國家財(cái)政開支過多,使財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)愈加嚴(yán)重和緊張,這就需要保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)盡快發(fā)揮其在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)損失承擔(dān)中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理作用。所以在我國目前的基本國情下,建立巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度迫在眉睫。對于構(gòu)建我國巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度,首先必須要通過立法為其提供法律保障,筆者即是從立法研究角度分析巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度,先從巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)的基本概念、特征著手,論述巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)是準(zhǔn)公共物品,屬于政策性保險(xiǎn),再結(jié)合我國巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)立法發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀,分析我國現(xiàn)階段巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)立法的必要性和可行性,最后通過對日本、美國及法國等國家巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)法律制度的借鑒,提出在我國實(shí)行巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)立法的構(gòu)想。本文通過比較分析和實(shí)證分析的方法,并采取獨(dú)特的思路,首先對巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)概念進(jìn)行歸納和界定,再切合我國國情,得出適用的范圍應(yīng)是僅指由自然災(zāi)害造成的巨大的損失所引起的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),接著從建立我國巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度的必要性和可行性分析的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行探討,最后結(jié)合國外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),解析我國目前深圳、云南等試點(diǎn)的巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展模式,探討我國巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)法律制度構(gòu)建的原則、實(shí)施的方式、費(fèi)率的規(guī)定、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移、制度的監(jiān)管、責(zé)任的追究等方面,從而在符合我國國情的前提下建立巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)法律制度。
[Abstract]:The disaster problem is also an economic problem. According to the statistics of the United Nations, China has been one of the countries suffering from natural disasters in the world since the 20th century, after the United States and Japan. The average annual total number of natural disasters accounted for 1/7 of the world's worst disasters. According to the data, the economic losses caused by natural disasters in China in recent years have been more than 100 billion yuan. In addition, from the perspective of catastrophe insurance compensation, the average compensation rate of catastrophe insurance in the world has exceeded 30 yuan. However, the insurance security and economic compensation provided by China's insurance industry only account for a very small proportion of the losses caused by catastrophe, which is far below the world average. All these prove that China's insurance industry has not played its due role in catastrophe compensation. On the other hand, at present, the way of disaster compensation in our country mainly depends on the national financial relief and social public welfare relief. Once a major natural disaster occurs, it will make the national financial expenditure excessive and make the financial burden more serious and tense. This requires the insurance industry to play its role in risk management as soon as possible. Therefore, it is urgent to establish catastrophe insurance system under the current basic conditions of our country. In order to construct the catastrophe insurance system of our country, we must first provide the legal protection through legislation. The author analyzes the catastrophe insurance system from the angle of legislative research, starting with the basic concept and characteristics of catastrophe insurance. This paper discusses that catastrophe insurance is a kind of quasi-public goods and belongs to policy insurance. Combining with the development and present situation of catastrophe insurance legislation in China, this paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of catastrophe insurance legislation in our country at the present stage. Drawing lessons from the legal system of catastrophe insurance in the United States and France, this paper puts forward the conception of implementing catastrophe insurance legislation in our country. In this paper, through comparative analysis and empirical analysis methods, and take a unique thinking, the concept of catastrophe risk is first summarized and defined, and then suited to the situation of our country. It is concluded that the scope of application should only refer to the risk caused by the huge losses caused by natural disasters, and then on the basis of analyzing the necessity and feasibility of establishing the catastrophe insurance system in our country, and finally combining with the advanced experience of foreign countries, This paper analyzes the development model of catastrophe insurance in Shenzhen and Yunnan, and probes into the principles of the construction of the legal system of catastrophe insurance in China, the way of implementation, the regulation of the rate, the transfer of risks, the supervision of the system, the investigation of liability, and so on. In accordance with the premise of China's national conditions, the establishment of catastrophe insurance legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284

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本文編號(hào)：2406023