【摘要】：小微企業(yè)是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展重要的組成部分,對(duì)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)起著大中型企業(yè)不可替代的作用。從發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看,小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展必然促進(jìn)整個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),美國(guó)小微企業(yè)數(shù)量約為2000萬(wàn)家,占比美國(guó)總企業(yè)數(shù)的90%以上,對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)的就業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)度在50%以上,更是占有美國(guó)GDP的半壁江山。在我國(guó)從改革開(kāi)放開(kāi)始,私有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷放開(kāi),小微企業(yè)對(duì)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)也是越來(lái)越重要。各級(jí)政府也逐漸將小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大視為己任,李克強(qiáng)總理分別在達(dá)沃斯論壇和兩會(huì)工作報(bào)告中兩次提出了推進(jìn)“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新”的戰(zhàn)略,進(jìn)而為中小微企業(yè)發(fā)展提供了重要機(jī)遇。根據(jù)國(guó)家工商總局的數(shù)據(jù),在考慮個(gè)體工商戶的情況下,我國(guó)小微企業(yè)數(shù)量約7000萬(wàn)家,法人小微企業(yè)約1400萬(wàn)家。從國(guó)家工商總局2014年公布的《全國(guó)小型微型企業(yè)發(fā)展情況報(bào)告》可以得到下列一組數(shù)據(jù):全國(guó)小微企業(yè)總數(shù)約占各類企業(yè)數(shù)量的76.57%,占企業(yè)吸納新增就業(yè)人數(shù)的70%以上,創(chuàng)造的財(cái)富價(jià)值是GDP的60%,占整個(gè)稅收的份額在50%。由此可見(jiàn),小微企業(yè)已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量之一。小微企業(yè)受制于本身的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,在融資問(wèn)題始終處于不利地位,融資難、融資貴始終是小微企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大的瓶頸。本文首先分析了我國(guó)小微企業(yè)的基本特征,然后參照了美國(guó)、日本和德國(guó)小微企業(yè)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn),從而提出了我國(guó)小微企業(yè)法律存在的問(wèn)題和解決措施。我國(guó)目前的小微企業(yè)金融支持法律制度存在一定的問(wèn)題,特別是在小微企業(yè)金融支持立法體系和小微企業(yè)金融支持制度方面不夠完善,具體體現(xiàn)《中小企業(yè)促進(jìn)法》對(duì)小微企業(yè)的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不完善、條款過(guò)于原則化,小微企業(yè)需求的金融產(chǎn)品制度缺乏、小微企業(yè)金融支持權(quán)利制度缺乏和激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制無(wú)效等方面。本文根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的不足或問(wèn)題,提出一方面從小微企業(yè)發(fā)展促進(jìn)法的完善、商業(yè)險(xiǎn)銀行立法的完善、政策性保險(xiǎn)立法的完善和直接融資立法的完善出發(fā),完善小微企業(yè)金融支持立法體系。另一方從構(gòu)建適合小微企業(yè)的金融產(chǎn)品制度、權(quán)利保護(hù)制度、激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制、監(jiān)管制度和相關(guān)配套的發(fā)展機(jī)制建設(shè)出發(fā),完善小微企業(yè)金融支持制度體系。小微企業(yè)金融支持法律體系和制度體系同時(shí)建設(shè),共同作用,促進(jìn)小微企業(yè)金融支持法律制度的完善,幫扶小微企業(yè)融資。
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises are an important part of China's economic and social development, and play an irreplaceable role in the contribution of large and medium-sized enterprises to the whole economy and society. From the experience of developed countries, the development of small and micro-enterprises will inevitably promote the economic prosperity of the whole country. According to statistics, the number of small and micro enterprises in the United States is about 20 million, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of enterprises in the United States, and the contribution of employment to the whole society is more than 50%. It also accounts for half of the GDP in the United States. In our country from the beginning of reform and opening up, the private ownership economy has been liberalized, and the contribution of small and micro enterprises to the national economy is becoming more and more important. Governments at all levels have also gradually regarded the development and growth of small and micro enterprises as their own responsibility. Premier Li Keqiang put forward the strategy of promoting "mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation" twice in the work reports of the Davos Forum and the two sessions of the National people's Congress. Further, it provides an important opportunity for the development of small and medium enterprises. According to the data of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, under the consideration of individual industrial and commercial households, the number of small and micro enterprises in China is about 70 million and that of legal persons is about 14 million. From the National report on the Development of small and Micro Enterprises published by the State Administration of Industry and Commerce in 2014, we can get the following data: the total number of small and micro enterprises in China accounts for 76.57 percent of the total number of enterprises of all kinds. It accounts for more than 70% of new jobs in businesses, creating wealth worth 60% of GDP and accounting for 50% of the total tax revenue. Thus, small and micro-enterprises have become one of the important forces of economic development in China. The small and micro enterprise is restricted by its own development condition, in the financing problem is always in the disadvantageous position, the financing difficulty, the financing expensive is the small and micro enterprise development growth bottleneck all the time. This paper first analyzes the basic characteristics of small and micro enterprises in China, and then refers to the experience of the development of small and micro enterprises in the United States, Japan and Germany, and then puts forward the problems existing in the law of small and micro enterprises in our country and the measures to solve them. There are some problems in the current legal system of financial support for small and micro enterprises in China, especially in the legislative system of financial support for small and micro enterprises and the financial support system of small and micro enterprises. The concrete embodiment of the small and medium Enterprises Promotion Law is that the definition of small and micro enterprises is not perfect, the terms are too principled, and the financial product system for the demand of small and micro enterprises is lacking. The financial support right system of small and micro-enterprises is lacking and the incentive and restraint mechanism is invalid and so on. According to the shortcomings or problems found, this paper puts forward that, on the one hand, starting from the perfection of the small and micro enterprise development promotion law, the commercial insurance bank legislation, the policy insurance legislation and the direct financing legislation, Improve the small and micro-enterprise financial support legislative system. On the other hand, the financial product system, the right protection system, the incentive and restraint mechanism, the supervision system and the related development mechanism are constructed to perfect the financial support system of the small and micro enterprises. The legal system of financial support and the system of financial support of small and micro enterprises should be constructed simultaneously and act together to promote the perfection of the legal system of financial support for small and micro enterprises and to help them to raise funds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91

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