【摘要】：小微企業(yè)是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展重要的組成部分,對整個經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的貢獻(xiàn)起著大中型企業(yè)不可替代的作用。從發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看,小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展必然促進(jìn)整個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,美國小微企業(yè)數(shù)量約為2000萬家,占比美國總企業(yè)數(shù)的90%以上,對整個社會的就業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)度在50%以上,更是占有美國GDP的半壁江山。在我國從改革開放開始,私有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷放開,小微企業(yè)對國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)也是越來越重要。各級政府也逐漸將小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大視為己任,李克強(qiáng)總理分別在達(dá)沃斯論壇和兩會工作報告中兩次提出了推進(jìn)“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新”的戰(zhàn)略,進(jìn)而為中小微企業(yè)發(fā)展提供了重要機(jī)遇。根據(jù)國家工商總局的數(shù)據(jù),在考慮個體工商戶的情況下,我國小微企業(yè)數(shù)量約7000萬家,法人小微企業(yè)約1400萬家。從國家工商總局2014年公布的《全國小型微型企業(yè)發(fā)展情況報告》可以得到下列一組數(shù)據(jù):全國小微企業(yè)總數(shù)約占各類企業(yè)數(shù)量的76.57%,占企業(yè)吸納新增就業(yè)人數(shù)的70%以上,創(chuàng)造的財富價值是GDP的60%,占整個稅收的份額在50%。由此可見,小微企業(yè)已經(jīng)成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量之一。小微企業(yè)受制于本身的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,在融資問題始終處于不利地位,融資難、融資貴始終是小微企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大的瓶頸。本文首先分析了我國小微企業(yè)的基本特征,然后參照了美國、日本和德國小微企業(yè)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn),從而提出了我國小微企業(yè)法律存在的問題和解決措施。我國目前的小微企業(yè)金融支持法律制度存在一定的問題,特別是在小微企業(yè)金融支持立法體系和小微企業(yè)金融支持制度方面不夠完善,具體體現(xiàn)《中小企業(yè)促進(jìn)法》對小微企業(yè)的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不完善、條款過于原則化,小微企業(yè)需求的金融產(chǎn)品制度缺乏、小微企業(yè)金融支持權(quán)利制度缺乏和激勵約束機(jī)制無效等方面。本文根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的不足或問題,提出一方面從小微企業(yè)發(fā)展促進(jìn)法的完善、商業(yè)險銀行立法的完善、政策性保險立法的完善和直接融資立法的完善出發(fā),完善小微企業(yè)金融支持立法體系。另一方從構(gòu)建適合小微企業(yè)的金融產(chǎn)品制度、權(quán)利保護(hù)制度、激勵約束機(jī)制、監(jiān)管制度和相關(guān)配套的發(fā)展機(jī)制建設(shè)出發(fā),完善小微企業(yè)金融支持制度體系。小微企業(yè)金融支持法律體系和制度體系同時建設(shè),共同作用,促進(jìn)小微企業(yè)金融支持法律制度的完善,幫扶小微企業(yè)融資。
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises are an important part of China's economic and social development, and play an irreplaceable role in the contribution of large and medium-sized enterprises to the whole economy and society. From the experience of developed countries, the development of small and micro-enterprises will inevitably promote the economic prosperity of the whole country. According to statistics, the number of small and micro enterprises in the United States is about 20 million, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of enterprises in the United States, and the contribution of employment to the whole society is more than 50%. It also accounts for half of the GDP in the United States. In our country from the beginning of reform and opening up, the private ownership economy has been liberalized, and the contribution of small and micro enterprises to the national economy is becoming more and more important. Governments at all levels have also gradually regarded the development and growth of small and micro enterprises as their own responsibility. Premier Li Keqiang put forward the strategy of promoting "mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation" twice in the work reports of the Davos Forum and the two sessions of the National people's Congress. Further, it provides an important opportunity for the development of small and medium enterprises. According to the data of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, under the consideration of individual industrial and commercial households, the number of small and micro enterprises in China is about 70 million and that of legal persons is about 14 million. From the National report on the Development of small and Micro Enterprises published by the State Administration of Industry and Commerce in 2014, we can get the following data: the total number of small and micro enterprises in China accounts for 76.57 percent of the total number of enterprises of all kinds. It accounts for more than 70% of new jobs in businesses, creating wealth worth 60% of GDP and accounting for 50% of the total tax revenue. Thus, small and micro-enterprises have become one of the important forces of economic development in China. The small and micro enterprise is restricted by its own development condition, in the financing problem is always in the disadvantageous position, the financing difficulty, the financing expensive is the small and micro enterprise development growth bottleneck all the time. This paper first analyzes the basic characteristics of small and micro enterprises in China, and then refers to the experience of the development of small and micro enterprises in the United States, Japan and Germany, and then puts forward the problems existing in the law of small and micro enterprises in our country and the measures to solve them. There are some problems in the current legal system of financial support for small and micro enterprises in China, especially in the legislative system of financial support for small and micro enterprises and the financial support system of small and micro enterprises. The concrete embodiment of the small and medium Enterprises Promotion Law is that the definition of small and micro enterprises is not perfect, the terms are too principled, and the financial product system for the demand of small and micro enterprises is lacking. The financial support right system of small and micro-enterprises is lacking and the incentive and restraint mechanism is invalid and so on. According to the shortcomings or problems found, this paper puts forward that, on the one hand, starting from the perfection of the small and micro enterprise development promotion law, the commercial insurance bank legislation, the policy insurance legislation and the direct financing legislation, Improve the small and micro-enterprise financial support legislative system. On the other hand, the financial product system, the right protection system, the incentive and restraint mechanism, the supervision system and the related development mechanism are constructed to perfect the financial support system of the small and micro enterprises. The legal system of financial support and the system of financial support of small and micro enterprises should be constructed simultaneously and act together to promote the perfection of the legal system of financial support for small and micro enterprises and to help them to raise funds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.291.91

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 崔之澈;;小微不微——解讀中國小微企業(yè)發(fā)展報告2014[J];中國金融家;2014年09期

2 李林嫻;;健全中小企業(yè)融資體系的法律對策研究[J];法制與經(jīng)濟(jì)(中旬);2014年04期

3 婁飛鵬;;互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融支持小微企業(yè)融資的模式及啟示[J];武漢金融;2014年04期

4 苗立華;;小微企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀研究及對策[J];現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)信息;2014年05期

5 劉永祥;壽樹茂;;我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司現(xiàn)狀分析[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究參考;2014年05期

6 景春梅;陳研;;加大對小微企業(yè)的金融支持[J];中國金融;2013年01期

7 韓沂;;小微企業(yè)融資的制度約束及政策思考[J];金融監(jiān)管研究;2012年12期

8 趙亞明;張彤;衛(wèi)紅江;;多層次資本市場與中小微企業(yè)融資研究[J];金融教學(xué)與研究;2012年06期

9 逯詞章;;淺談中小企業(yè)融資難問題的原因及法律對策[J];中國商貿(mào);2012年14期

10 汪有勝;徐俐霞;;商業(yè)銀行支持小微企業(yè)探析[J];青海金融;2012年04期

相關(guān)會議論文 前9條

1 安超;雷明;黃濤;;中小企業(yè)融資中銀行策略行為分析[A];第十四屆中國管理科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集(下冊)[C];2012年

2 吳俊英;葉佳斐;;轉(zhuǎn)型升級:企業(yè)融資結(jié)構(gòu)與績效——以浙江杭州為例[A];第三屆海峽兩岸會計學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2011年

3 陳之楚;;天津中小企業(yè)保險服務(wù)研究——基于天津保險市場數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)證[A];十二五·新挑戰(zhàn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)社會綜合風(fēng)險管理——北大賽瑟（CCISSR）論壇文集·2011[C];2011年

4 郭麗婷;楊秀萍;;政府支持縣域中小企業(yè)融資的政策創(chuàng)新[A];科技創(chuàng)新與產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展（B卷）——第七屆沈陽科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)年會暨渾南高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展論壇文集[C];2010年

5 杜建國;盛昭瀚;馬國建;;演化經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)及其在中小企業(yè)研究中的應(yīng)用[A];經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化與系統(tǒng)工程——中國系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)會第16屆學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2010年

6 楊立新;王軼;王竹;王天凡;趙可;;中國民法學(xué)三十年(1978—2008)[A];中國法學(xué)三十年（1978-2008）[C];2008年

7 卞敏;;構(gòu)建充滿活力的社會主義和諧社會[A];科學(xué)發(fā)展觀與中國特色社會主義——全國社會科學(xué)院系統(tǒng)鄧小平理論研究中心第十一屆年會暨學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2006年

8 鄭江淮;趙延光;宋雪清;;非國有化、產(chǎn)權(quán)多元化與經(jīng)濟(jì)績效——非國有經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)性差異及變化趨勢的實(shí)證研究[A];中國制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)年會論文集[C];2003年

9 匿名;;融資制度演化與我國融資模式選擇研究綜述[A];中國制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)年會論文集[C];2006年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張書清;金融法理念論綱[D];西南政法大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 唐靜;中小企業(yè)融資的法律分析與對策研究[D];上海交通大學(xué);2014年

2 朱仁明;中小企業(yè)融資難的法律障礙及對策研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2013年

3 陶亞杰;中小企業(yè)社會責(zé)任法律制度研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2011年

4 張蕾;我國中小企業(yè)融資問題的法律分析[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：2302648