【摘要】：隨著我國民營經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,我國民間資本迅速積累。由于我國民間投資體系不完善,導致民間資本流動不暢,投資渠道有限,大量民間資本涌入地下錢莊等非法機構,給金融秩序的穩(wěn)定帶來很大威脅,非法集資案件時有發(fā)生。為了規(guī)范民間投資,銀監(jiān)會和中國人民銀行在2008年聯(lián)合發(fā)布了《關于小額貸款公司試點的指導意見》全面推進小額貸款公司的試點工作。為進一步規(guī)范小額貸款公司的發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)對小額貸款公司金融風險的集中監(jiān)管,廣東省在2012年6月成立了全國首條民間金融街——廣州民間金融街,通過補貼、完善配套服務等措施,吸引現(xiàn)有和新設立的小額貸款公司入駐廣州民間金融街。成立近三年來,廣州民間金融街在小額貸款公司金融風險防范方面取得了一定的成績,也暴露出很多問題。為防范小額貸款公司金融風險,廣州民間金融街建立了一套獨具特色的金融風險防范法律機制,具體包括嚴格的市場準入機制、現(xiàn)場檢查與非現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管制度、監(jiān)管評級制度、第三方征信機構、廣州民間金融商會、風險處置機制和中國民間融資(廣州)價格指數(shù)體系等一系列制度。廣州民間金融街小額貸款公司金融風險防范法律機制雖已初步建立,但由于其政策性較強,從嚴格意義上講,該金融風險防范法律機制并不健全。廣州民間金融街小額貸款公司金融風險防范法律機制存在的缺陷主要包含以下幾個方面:一是小額貸款監(jiān)管法律法規(guī)體系的不健全,具體包括立法層級較低、小額貸款公司法律地位不明確;二是小額貸款公司內部金融風險防范機制的不健全,具體包括內部風險防范能力較弱、存在違法賬外經(jīng)營的現(xiàn)象、資金來源有限且流動性不強;三是小額貸款公司外部金融風險防范機制的不健全,具體包括借款人信用信息獲取來源有限、貸款業(yè)務集中度過高易引發(fā)系統(tǒng)性風險;四是行政監(jiān)管機制的不健全,具體包括監(jiān)管主體不明確、監(jiān)管力量薄弱、現(xiàn)場檢查與非現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管成效低以及監(jiān)管評級和監(jiān)管聯(lián)席會議制度落實不到位;五是行業(yè)自律機制的不健全,具體包括行業(yè)自律未有效落實、缺乏專門自律監(jiān)管常設機構。完善廣州民間金融街小額貸款公司金融風險防范法律機制,可以從完善監(jiān)管立法、完善內部金融風險防范機制、完善外部金融風險防范機制、完善行政監(jiān)管機制和完善行業(yè)自律機制五個方面進行。完善監(jiān)管立法方面,可以從提高監(jiān)管立法層級、明確監(jiān)管主體和小額貸款公司的法律地位、放寬小額貸款公司設立條件三個方面進行;完善內部金融風險防范機制方面,可以從加強小額貸款公司內部風險防控、提高小額貸款公司融資能力兩個方面進行;完善外部金融風險防范機制方面,可以從進一步完善金融街征信公司信用數(shù)據(jù)庫、加強高集中度小額貸款業(yè)務的監(jiān)管、加強小額貸款公司經(jīng)營的合法合規(guī)審計三個方面進行;完善行政監(jiān)管機制方面,可以從進一步完善現(xiàn)場檢查制度和非現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管制度、明確廣州民間金融街小額貸款公司監(jiān)管主體、完善監(jiān)管部門組織架構、完善監(jiān)管評級制度和監(jiān)管聯(lián)席會議制度等方面進行;完善行業(yè)自律機制方面,可以從加強對小額貸款公司行業(yè)自律監(jiān)管的監(jiān)督和完善廣州民間金融商會的組織架構兩個方面進行。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's private economy, private capital has accumulated rapidly. Due to the imperfection of China's private investment system, the flow of private capital is not smooth, investment channels are limited, and a large number of private capital flows into illegal institutions such as underground banks, which pose a great threat to the stability of the financial order. Illegal fund-raising cases occur from time to time. In 2008, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the People's Bank of China jointly issued Guiding Opinions on the Pilot of Microfinance Companies to comprehensively promote the pilot work of microfinance companies. Guangzhou Private Finance Street, the first private financial street in China, has attracted existing and newly established small loan companies to enter Guangzhou Private Finance Street by means of subsidies and improving supporting services. In the past three years since its establishment, Guangzhou Private Finance Street has made certain achievements in preventing financial risks of small loan companies and exposed many questions. To guard against financial risks of microfinance companies, Guangzhou Private Finance Street has established a set of unique legal mechanisms to prevent financial risks, including strict market access mechanism, on-site inspection and off-site supervision system, supervision and rating system, third-party credit institutions, Guangzhou Private Finance Chamber of Commerce, risk handling mechanism and Chinese citizens. Inter-financing (Guangzhou) price index system and a series of other systems. Although the legal mechanism for preventing financial risks of small loan companies in Guangzhou Private Finance Street has been initially established, it is not sound in a strict sense because of its strong policy. The Law on Preventing Financial Risks of Small Loan Companies in Guangzhou Private Finance Street The defects of the legal mechanism mainly include the following aspects: first, the imperfection of the legal system of micro-loan supervision, including the lower level of legislation, the unclear legal status of micro-loan companies; second, the imperfection of the internal financial risk prevention mechanism of micro-loan companies, including the weakness of the internal risk prevention ability, the existence of micro-loan companies. Third, the external financial risk prevention mechanism of micro-loan companies is not perfect, including the borrowers'limited sources of credit information, loan business concentration is too high easy to cause systemic risk; fourth, the administrative supervision mechanism is not perfect, including the supervision subject. Fifth, the imperfection of the industry self-discipline mechanism, including the lack of effective implementation of the industry self-discipline, the lack of specialized self-regulatory permanent institutions. The legal mechanism of insurance prevention can be carried out from five aspects: perfecting the supervision legislation, perfecting the internal financial risk prevention mechanism, perfecting the external financial risk prevention mechanism, perfecting the administrative supervision mechanism and perfecting the industry self-discipline mechanism. To perfect the internal financial risk prevention mechanism, we can strengthen the internal risk prevention and control of the micro-loan company and improve the financing ability of the micro-loan company; to perfect the external financial risk prevention mechanism, we can further improve the Financial Street credit reporting. In order to improve the administrative supervision mechanism, we can further improve the on-site inspection system and off-site supervision system, and make clear the supervision subject of the micro-loan companies in Guangzhou private financial street. In order to improve the industry self-discipline mechanism, we should strengthen the supervision of the industry self-discipline of micro-loan companies and improve the organizational structure of the Guangzhou Civil Finance Chamber of Commerce.
【學位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.28

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