本文選題：PPP模式 + 政府和社會(huì)資本合作　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從1978年改革開放至今,將近40年的時(shí)間,伴隨經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人民物質(zhì)和精神生活水平不斷提高,對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)水平提出了更高的要求。一方面,由于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)需要投入大量資金,地方政府日漸無法承擔(dān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的巨大投入,另一方面,許多社會(huì)閑散資金無法得到充分利用,造成了資源的浪費(fèi)。PPP模式的開展可以解決以上兩方面的問題。從20世紀(jì)末我國引入外資開始,到2013年11月,中共中央召開十八屆三中全會(huì),決定采取特許經(jīng)營等方式,讓社會(huì)資本參與城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)中,我國PPP模式可謂從萌芽狀態(tài)進(jìn)入迅速發(fā)展階段,也意味著中央層面正式肯定了 PPP模式的存在價(jià)值�？梢钥吹�,PPP模式對于解決地方政府基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及公共設(shè)施建設(shè)的財(cái)政困境與技術(shù)難題具有重要作用,例如北京地鐵四號線項(xiàng)目的順利運(yùn)行。作為一種新型合作模式,PPP模式將政府部門的統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃,計(jì)劃組織優(yōu)勢與私人部門的閑置資金、管理技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢相結(jié)合,使得合作雙方可以取得比分別行動(dòng)更為有利的成績。但是,由于我國PPP模式起步較晚,理論研究不完善,法律制度不健全,因此在PPP模式的實(shí)踐中存在許多問題。PPP立法層次混亂、法律位階不一,項(xiàng)目資金來源單調(diào),政府角色轉(zhuǎn)變不易,項(xiàng)目評估難以確定,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)機(jī)制不健全,協(xié)議性質(zhì)定性模糊等,不僅使政府部門為此項(xiàng)目的失敗承擔(dān)不利的后果,私人部門也負(fù)擔(dān)許多不確定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),公眾利益亦受到損害。通過借鑒域外經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合我國國情,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在PPP模式中完善法律規(guī)定是保證政府和社會(huì)資本合作順利開展的前提,健全的法律制度可以為政府和私人部門合作提供相應(yīng)的法律依據(jù),理清權(quán)利和義務(wù),合理分擔(dān)項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn),解決合同糾紛,維護(hù)各方利益,保證PPP模式的正常運(yùn)行。本文主要分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分主要論述了 PPP模式的理論基礎(chǔ),闡述了PPP模式的起源和概念,功能與特征,理論依據(jù),法律關(guān)系解析,分類等,了解現(xiàn)代意義上的PPP模式起源于英國,我國推廣PPP項(xiàng)目源于改革開放后引進(jìn)外資現(xiàn)象;PPP模式的產(chǎn)生理論可以歸納為四種,即項(xiàng)目區(qū)分、公共物品、政府失靈和委托代理理論;根據(jù)國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)和我國國情,.可以將我國政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式劃分為特許經(jīng)營、股權(quán)合作、購買服務(wù)三類;這些理論分析為下文進(jìn)一步了解PPP模式提供了理論支持。第二部分梳理了我國PPP模式的運(yùn)行歷史和立法現(xiàn)狀,了解了我國PPP模式發(fā)展的三個(gè)階段,重點(diǎn)列舉了主管PPP項(xiàng)目的國家發(fā)展改革委和財(cái)政部出臺的相關(guān)法規(guī);并指出我國PPP模式實(shí)踐中的問題,如缺乏統(tǒng)一的管理機(jī)構(gòu),現(xiàn)有法律位階較低并且沖突較多,PPP模式中協(xié)議性質(zhì)不明確等。第三部分通過對英國、加拿大和澳大利亞三國PPP模式發(fā)展情況及立法現(xiàn)狀考察,從法律制度、監(jiān)管體制、實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)、爭端解決、政務(wù)公開、操作規(guī)則等方面總結(jié)各國的可取之處,得出對我國有借鑒意義的結(jié)論。第四部分首先從解決法律沖突、降低法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、解決融資困境、提高行政效率、推廣PPP模式適用范圍的需要等方面分析了當(dāng)前我國亟待并且可以建立PPP模式法律制度的原因,繼而對建立相關(guān)法律制度從主體思路、制定程序和法律內(nèi)容方面提出明確建議,針對關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說明,為建立具有整體性、層次性、綜合性的法律體系提供參考。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up in 1978, with the development of the economy, with the development of the economy, the people's material and spiritual life level has been improved, and the level of infrastructure construction is higher. On the one hand, as the construction of infrastructure needs to invest a lot of funds, the local government is unable to undertake the huge investment in infrastructure construction. On the one hand, many social idle funds can not be made full use of, resulting in the waste of resources.PPP model can solve the above two aspects of the problem. From the introduction of foreign capital in China at the end of twentieth Century, by November 2013, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, decided to take the franchise and other ways to allow social capital to participate in the city base. In infrastructure construction, China's PPP model has entered a rapid development stage from the embryonic state. It also means that the central level has formally affirmed the existence value of the PPP model. It can be seen that the PPP model plays an important role in solving the financial difficulties and technical difficulties of local government infrastructure and public facilities construction, such as the Beijing Subway No. four. As a new mode of cooperation, the PPP model combines the overall planning of the government departments, the advantages of the planned organization and the advantages of the private sector, and the advantages of the management technology, so that the two sides can achieve more favorable results than the separate actions. However, because of the late start of the PPP model in China, the theoretical research is not. Perfect, legal system is not sound, so there are many problems in the practice of PPP model, such as confusion of.PPP legislative level, different legal position, monotonous source of project funds, poor change of government role, difficult evaluation of project evaluation, unsound mechanism of risk sharing and fuzziness of the nature of the agreement, which not only make the government department bear the failure of this project. The adverse consequences, the private sector also burdens many uncertain risks and the public interests are also damaged. By drawing on the experience of the foreign countries and combining the national conditions of our country, it can be found that perfecting the legal provisions in the PPP model is the prerequisite for the smooth development of the cooperation between the government and the social capital, and the sound legal system can be put forward by the government and the private sector. For the corresponding legal basis, to clarify the rights and obligations, to share the project risk reasonably, to solve the disputes of the contract, to safeguard the interests of the parties and to ensure the normal operation of the PPP model. This article is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the theoretical basis of the PPP model, and expounds the origin and concept, function and characteristics, theoretical basis and law of the PPP model. Relationship analysis, classification, and so on to understand the origin of PPP model in the modern sense in Britain. China's extension of PPP project originated from the introduction of foreign capital after the reform and opening up. The theory of producing PPP model can be summed up into four kinds, namely, project differentiation, public goods, government failure and principal-agent theory; according to the international experience and the national conditions of our country, our government can make the government of our country. The mode of cooperation with social capital is divided into three categories: franchise, equity cooperation and purchase service; these theoretical analyses provide theoretical support for further understanding of the PPP model below. The second part has combed the running history and legislative status of our country's PPP model, understood the three stages of the development of the PPP model in China, and focused on the PPP project in charge. The national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance issued relevant laws and regulations, and pointed out the problems in the practice of PPP mode in China, such as the lack of unified management institutions, the lower rank of the existing laws and more conflicts, and the unclear nature of the protocol in the PPP model. The third part, through the development of the PPP model of the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, and the establishment of the three countries. The present status of the law, from the legal system, the regulatory system, the implementation of institutions, dispute settlement, government disclosure, operation rules and other aspects to summarize the advisable points of the countries, draw lessons to our national reference conclusions. The fourth part first from the solution of the legal conflict, reduce the legal risk, solve the financing difficulties, improve the administrative efficiency, promote the scope of application of the PPP model. The need and other aspects of the need to analyze the current reasons for the establishment of the legal system of PPP mode in our country, and then put forward clear suggestions on the establishment of relevant legal system from the main body of thought, the formulation of procedures and legal content, the detailed explanation of the key issues, and the provision of a comprehensive, hierarchical and comprehensive legal system. Reference resources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.2

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