本文選題：普惠金融 + 村鎮(zhèn)銀行�。� 參考：《山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心,農(nóng)村金融可有效促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè),甚至是整個(gè)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。而對(duì)農(nóng)村金融需求而言,它主要具備了以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):一是需求額度小;二是頻率高;三是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大,正是這些特點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致大中型金融機(jī)構(gòu)很難從中獲得收益。也正因如此,農(nóng)村小微企業(yè)和農(nóng)戶才會(huì)備受金融機(jī)構(gòu)的冷漠,將其排除在金融服務(wù)的范疇之外。從此,融資難成了農(nóng)村小微企業(yè)和農(nóng)戶發(fā)展過程中面臨的最大難題之一。為此,應(yīng)切實(shí)加大農(nóng)村金融的改革力度,并以農(nóng)村金融需求的特點(diǎn)和變化情況為參考依據(jù),適當(dāng)增加農(nóng)村金融供給,從而使農(nóng)村金融的服務(wù)質(zhì)量得以有效提升。關(guān)于農(nóng)村金融改革的重點(diǎn),應(yīng)切實(shí)放在農(nóng)村普惠金融體系的構(gòu)建上,因?yàn)檗r(nóng)村普惠金融體系要求金融服務(wù)能夠覆蓋所有的社會(huì)階層和群體,尤其是那些被現(xiàn)有金融體系所冷漠的社會(huì)人群。自十八屆三中全會(huì)將普惠金融正式寫入黨的決議,以及2015年政府工作報(bào)告提出讓普惠金融成為中小企業(yè)的雨露甘霖,再到2016年兩會(huì)上提出大力發(fā)展普惠金融,普惠金融引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注,并且我國一直在努力推進(jìn)普惠金融的發(fā)展。村鎮(zhèn)銀行作為農(nóng)村金融改革的重要成果,其發(fā)展增加了農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的供給,使三農(nóng)融資難、融資貴問題有所緩解,推進(jìn)了普惠金融體系的完善,是普惠金融體系的重要內(nèi)容之一。但是不得不引起重視的是我國的村鎮(zhèn)銀行在其發(fā)展過程中,有關(guān)村鎮(zhèn)銀行的法律、法規(guī)和監(jiān)管機(jī)制仍不健全,運(yùn)作機(jī)制仍不規(guī)范,這導(dǎo)致具有普惠意義的村鎮(zhèn)銀行出現(xiàn)偏離支農(nóng)目標(biāo)的傾向,這無論是對(duì)村鎮(zhèn)銀行的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,還是對(duì)提高農(nóng)民或小微企業(yè)金融服務(wù)可獲得性的過程而言,都是很不利的。本文在普惠金融的背景下,對(duì)村鎮(zhèn)銀行運(yùn)行中法律規(guī)制存在的問題以及如何進(jìn)一步完善著重進(jìn)行分析。全文主要包括緒論、正文和結(jié)束語三個(gè)部分,而正文部分又細(xì)分如下:第一部分,理論概述。首先對(duì)普惠金融理念的涵義、發(fā)展歷程及構(gòu)建普惠金融體系的必要性進(jìn)行分析,指出他的早期形態(tài)是小額信貸,是對(duì)小額信貸扶貧理念的深化和發(fā)展,而村鎮(zhèn)銀行則是普惠金融理念下的一種金融實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。其次,對(duì)村鎮(zhèn)銀行的產(chǎn)生背景、概念、特征及設(shè)立意義進(jìn)行概述,其具有的獨(dú)特性決定了應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行有別于其他銀行的法律規(guī)制,為后文的研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二部分,在對(duì)我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及法律規(guī)制現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)總結(jié)了我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律規(guī)制存在的問題,特別是與普惠金融理念相背離的方面。主要有市場(chǎng)定位偏差、法律位階偏低、發(fā)起人制度與股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范機(jī)制不健全以及監(jiān)管機(jī)制缺乏針對(duì)性等問題,對(duì)下文有針對(duì)性地提出完善村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律規(guī)制的建議,予以一定的支持。第三部分,在分析國外相關(guān)金融機(jī)構(gòu)法律規(guī)制內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納出村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律規(guī)制在國際上的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。主要分析了有代表性的兩個(gè)國家,即孟加拉的鄉(xiāng)村銀行和美國社區(qū)銀行,指出這些國際上的微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)法律規(guī)制對(duì)我國的啟示,尤其是與普惠金融理念一致的,對(duì)我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律規(guī)制進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的制度設(shè)計(jì)具有重要的借鑒意義。第四部分,對(duì)前文的歸納和總結(jié),并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了一系列有效解決問題的對(duì)策和建議。首先,應(yīng)切實(shí)以普惠金融理念為出發(fā)點(diǎn),來明確村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律規(guī)制的價(jià)值取向以及原則;然后按照上述的價(jià)值取向與原則的指引,對(duì)法律規(guī)制的構(gòu)建提出了一些具體的建議。
[Abstract]:As the core of modern rural economy, rural finance can effectively promote agriculture and even the development of the whole rural economy. In terms of rural financial demand, it has the following characteristics: first, the demand is small; two is the high frequency; the three is a large risk, and it is these characteristics that it is difficult for large and medium-sized financial institutions to gain income. Because of this, the small and micro enterprises and farmers in rural areas will be indifferent to financial institutions and exclude them from the category of financial services. From then on, financing is difficult to become one of the biggest problems in the development of rural small and micro enterprises and farmers. Therefore, the reform of rural finance should be strengthened, and the characteristics of rural financial demand and the characteristics of rural financial demand should be strengthened. The change is the reference basis, and the rural financial supply is properly increased so that the quality of the rural financial services can be effectively promoted. The focus of the rural financial reform should be put on the construction of the rural inclusive financial system, because the rural inclusive financial system requires financial services to cover all social strata and groups, especially in the rural areas. It is the social crowd that is indifferent to the existing financial system. Since the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was formally written to the party's resolution, and the report of the government work in 2015 put forward the rain and dew of the small and medium sized enterprises, and then on the two meetings in 2016, we put forward a great effort to develop the Inclusive Finance. And our country has been trying to promote the development of Inclusive Finance. As an important achievement of the rural financial reform, the village bank has increased the supply of rural financial market, made it difficult to finance the three rural areas, relieved the problem of financing, promoted the perfection of the inclusive financial system, and was one of the important contents of the inclusive financial system. In the course of the development of the village and town banks in China, the laws, regulations and regulatory mechanisms of the village and town banks are still not perfect, and the operating mechanism is still not standardized. This leads to the tendency of the village banks to deviate from the target of supporting agriculture, whether it is the sustainable development of the village banks or the improvement of the peasants or the small ones. In the process of the availability of financial services for micro enterprises, it is very unfavorable. Under the background of Inclusive Finance, this paper focuses on the problems and how to further improve the legal regulation in the operation of village and town banks. The full text includes three parts: introduction, text and concluding remarks, and the body part is subdivided as follows: the first part, First of all, the paper analyzes the meaning, the course of development and the necessity of constructing the inclusive financial system. It points out that his early form is microfinance, the deepening and development of the concept of poverty alleviation, and the village bank is a financial practice under the principle of Inclusive Finance. The background, the concept, the characteristics and the significance of the establishment are summarized. The uniqueness of which determines the legal regulation that should be different from other banks and lays the foundation for the study of the latter. In the second part, on the basis of combing the current situation of the development of the village and town banks and the status of legal regulation in our country, the paper focuses on the summary of the village and Town Silver in China. There are some problems in the legal regulation, especially the deviations from the Pratt and inclusive financial ideas. There are some problems in the following aspects: the deviation of the market position, the low level of the legal position, the unreasonable system of the promoter and the ownership structure, the unsound mechanism of the risk prevention of the loan and the lack of pertinence of the regulatory mechanism. The third part, on the basis of the analysis of the legal regulation of foreign related financial institutions, sums up the successful experience of the legal regulation of village banks in the world. It mainly analyzes two representative countries, namely, rural banks in Bangladesh and the American community banks. The relevant legal rules and regulations of the financial institutions to our country, especially in accordance with the inclusive financial concept, have important reference significance to the corresponding system design of the legal regulation of the village and town banks in our country. The fourth part, the summary and summary of the previous article, and on this basis, put forward a series of countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problems effectively. First, the value orientation and principles of the legal regulation of village and town banks should be clearly defined as the starting point of the concept of Inclusive Finance, and then some specific suggestions on the construction of legal regulation should be put forward according to the guidance of the values and principles mentioned above.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D922.28

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