本文選題：網(wǎng)約私家車 + 規(guī)制��； 參考：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)特許經(jīng)營制度下的出租車行業(yè),因數(shù)量控制、嚴格的證照式管理等準入限制而缺乏市場競爭,常常出現(xiàn)拒載、甩客等現(xiàn)象�；凇盎ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)+”時代下的“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+交通”的網(wǎng)約私家車,將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與私家車閑置資源結(jié)合起來,覆蓋范圍更加廣泛,更加便捷,也促進了低碳環(huán)保的生態(tài)文明建設。但在帶來便利的同時,網(wǎng)約私家車市場也存在涉嫌非法營運、發(fā)生交通事故時責任主體不明、消費者權(quán)益保護薄弱等諸多問題。2016年7月27日,交通部、公安部等七個部門聯(lián)合出臺《網(wǎng)絡預約出租汽車經(jīng)營服務管理暫行辦法》,并從2016年11月1日起正式實施,該暫行辦法肯定了網(wǎng)約私家車的合法地位,初步建立了對網(wǎng)約私家車市場進行規(guī)制的法律框架。緊隨其后,上海、北京、廣州等城市根據(jù)該暫行辦法并結(jié)合自身情況,紛紛制定了實施細則。暫行辦法與各地實施細則對于網(wǎng)約私家車市場的規(guī)制,反映到實踐中,卻存在過度規(guī)制與規(guī)制不足并存的問題。一是,在網(wǎng)約私家車中對駕駛員的資格規(guī)定方面,北京、上海等地規(guī)定網(wǎng)約私家車駕駛員必須具有本地戶籍,并需要申領(lǐng)《網(wǎng)絡預約出租汽車駕駛員證》。對于戶籍的限定侵害了網(wǎng)約私家車駕駛員的平等就業(yè)權(quán),而采用跟傳統(tǒng)出租車一樣的證照式管理實施上帶有一定難度并且不利于共享經(jīng)濟下的網(wǎng)約車的發(fā)展;二是,在網(wǎng)約私家車車輛方面,各地紛紛要求車輛的軸距、排量必須滿足一定的范圍,有的甚至規(guī)定車輛的最低價格,這些規(guī)定與當?shù)卣鶑娬{(diào)的安全性并無直接的邏輯關(guān)系,車輛的安全性是部件性能的標準合格,而非這些舍本逐末的外在條件;三是,在網(wǎng)約車平臺責任方面,立法確定了網(wǎng)約車平臺公司的承運人法律地位,有利于對消費者的保護,但是泛化了網(wǎng)約車平臺公司責任,因為在兼職的網(wǎng)約私家車提供服務的情形時,網(wǎng)約車平臺公司這時候?qū)嵸|(zhì)上在內(nèi)部法律關(guān)系中更處于居間人地位;四是,在消費者權(quán)益保護方面,缺乏侵權(quán)或違約發(fā)生時消費者的求償機制,對殘障人員等弱勢消費者的權(quán)益保護也未有涉及。對于網(wǎng)約私家車這一新興業(yè)態(tài)的規(guī)制,不應該簡單地看作傳統(tǒng)出租車行業(yè)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)化而納入以往規(guī)制體系的窠臼,現(xiàn)有的立法不應該是行業(yè)限制法而應該是行業(yè)促進法。另外,對網(wǎng)約私家車進行專職的網(wǎng)約私家車服務和兼職的網(wǎng)約私家車服務區(qū)分,可以使各主體間的法律關(guān)系明晰化,也避免了一刀切式地將法律責任泛化。規(guī)制者應該采取促進性原則與區(qū)分原則對網(wǎng)約私家車市場進行規(guī)制,適當放寬私家車接入網(wǎng)約車平臺的準入條件,同時規(guī)制也應該兼顧到消費者的合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:Under the traditional franchise system, the taxi industry lacks market competition because of access restrictions such as quantity control, strict license management and so on. Based on the "Internet traffic" in the era of "Internet traffic" private cars, the combination of the Internet and private cars idle resources together, more extensive coverage, more convenient, but also to promote the construction of low-carbon ecological civilization. However, while bringing convenience, there are many problems in the private car market, such as suspected illegal operation, unclear responsibility at the time of traffic accident, weak protection of consumers' rights and interests, etc. On July 27, 2016, the Ministry of Communications, The Ministry of Public Security and seven other departments jointly issued the interim measures for the Administration of online booking Taxi Business Service, and officially implemented them from November 1, 2016. The interim measures affirmed the legal status of the private cars engaged on the net. The legal framework of regulating the net private car market is preliminarily established. Cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou have worked out implementation rules on the basis of the interim measures and their own circumstances. The temporary measures and the rules and regulations for the net private car market reflect the problem of excessive regulation and insufficient regulation in practice. First, in terms of qualifications for drivers in net private cars, Beijing, Shanghai and other places stipulate that net private car drivers must have local household registration, and need to apply for the "online booking taxi driver's license". The restriction of household registration infringes on the equal right of private car drivers to obtain employment, and the adoption of the same license management as the traditional taxi has some difficulties and is not conducive to the development of the net-chartered car under the shared economy; second, With regard to private car vehicles on the net, various localities have demanded that the wheelbase of the vehicles, the displacement must meet a certain range, and some even stipulate the minimum price of the vehicles. These regulations have no direct logical relationship with the security emphasized by the local government. The safety of the vehicle is the standard of the performance of the components, not the external condition. Third, the legislation determines the legal status of the carrier of the ride-hailing platform company, which is conducive to the protection of consumers. However, the liability of the ride-sharing platform company has been generalized, because in the case of a part-time private car offering services, the car-sharing platform company is in a more intermediary position in the internal legal relationship at this time; fourth, In the protection of consumers' rights and interests, there is no compensation mechanism for consumers when infringement or breach of contract occurs, and the protection of the rights and interests of vulnerable consumers, such as disabled persons, is not involved. The regulation of net private cars as a new form of business should not simply be regarded as the Internet of the traditional taxi industry and brought into the former regulatory system. The existing legislation should not be an industry restriction law but an industry promotion law. In addition, the distinction between the private car service and the part-time private car service can make the legal relationship between the subjects clear and avoid the generalization of legal liability in a one-size-fits-all manner. Regulators should adopt the principle of promotion and differentiation to regulate the private car market, relax the access conditions of private car access network platform, and take into account the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.296

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