本文選題：P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺　切入點：民事法律　出處：《上海社會科學院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自2007年拍拍貸網(wǎng)貸平臺出現(xiàn)后,我國P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸行業(yè)進入起步與發(fā)展的階段。2013年左右,政府提倡"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融創(chuàng)新",鼓勵"普惠金融",為P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的發(fā)展提供了寬松的政策環(huán)境。這一時期,P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺在運營方式不斷變化的同時也實現(xiàn)了快速擴張。但同時由于法律空白,監(jiān)管缺失以及我國信用體系不健全等因素,P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸行業(yè)在快速發(fā)展的同時也沉淀了行業(yè)風險。尤其到2014年以后,頻頻出現(xiàn)P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺倒閉、提現(xiàn)困難以及經(jīng)營者卷款跑路的情況,整個行業(yè)進入風險積聚和爆發(fā)期。因此,如何化解P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸行業(yè)的困境成為監(jiān)管者、從業(yè)者以及研究者共同關(guān)注的問題。根據(jù)文獻研究,現(xiàn)階段的科研成果雖然對P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸困境的成因有不同結(jié)論,但"法律空白導致監(jiān)管缺位"已成為網(wǎng)貸市場風險爆發(fā)的公認因素之一。目前針對P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸法律監(jiān)管缺失的研究已有不少,這些研究主要集中在刑法領(lǐng)域和經(jīng)濟法領(lǐng)域,主要從經(jīng)濟犯罪的認定、預防角度或者從行政監(jiān)管的角度闡述P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸困境的成因及解決方法,而在民事法律領(lǐng)域,P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的研究相對較少。其中大部分民事法律方面的研究,多散見于各級法院的調(diào)研文章及案例分析,系統(tǒng)性和全面性有所欠缺。民事法律研究之所以缺乏,一是由于P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸野蠻生長,行業(yè)急需刑法和行政法律穩(wěn)定秩序;二是由于P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺性質(zhì)未定,在"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融創(chuàng)新"背景下,法院難以對平臺進行民事法律關(guān)系的界定。但2016年8月《P2P網(wǎng)貸風險專項整治工作實施方案》和《網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸信息中介機構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)活動管理暫行辦法》(以下稱《管理辦法》)出臺后,P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺被定性為信息中介,債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓等具有信用中介性質(zhì)的業(yè)務(wù)被禁止,這為P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸民事法律研究創(chuàng)造了條件。民事法律不僅體現(xiàn)參與者自由平等協(xié)商,還具有國家強制力保障實施,兼具行業(yè)資自律規(guī)范與刑法、行政法律的雙重優(yōu)勢。除此之外,民事法律貫穿P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸法律治理模式的各個階段,有效促進了國家立法和行業(yè)自律規(guī)范的良性互動,具有獨特的作用。可以預測,P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸行業(yè)在秩序穩(wěn)定后,民事法律的作用會逐漸上升,對整個行業(yè)健康長效發(fā)展產(chǎn)生積極意義。這也是本文選取民事法律作為研究視角的原因。針對P2P網(wǎng)貸平臺存在的民事法律問題,本文在搜集調(diào)研材料和案例分析的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了 P2P網(wǎng)貸平臺"信息中介"的性質(zhì),重點選取借貸居間法律關(guān)系、債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓法律關(guān)系、擔保法律關(guān)系及侵權(quán)責任四個方面,對涉及到的民事法律關(guān)系進行分析并對存在的法律問題提出見解。本文主體有三個部分,分別對應(yīng)三章。第一章第一節(jié)主要是對P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺概念及特點進行評述,進而從平臺運營方式的角度對網(wǎng)貸平臺現(xiàn)狀加以闡述;第二節(jié)梳理了 P2P網(wǎng)貸平臺的發(fā)展歷程,簡要分析了 P2P起步、發(fā)展、遇困的原因;第三節(jié)重點論述P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的法律性質(zhì),就《管理辦法》將P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺定性為"信息中介"的內(nèi)在原因提出自己的見解;總的來說,第一章明確了P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺信息中介的性質(zhì),并側(cè)面暗示了 P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺不同運營模式的發(fā)展前景。第二章第一節(jié)梳理了 P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸領(lǐng)域現(xiàn)行的刑事法律、行政法律、民事法律及行業(yè)自律規(guī)范;第二節(jié)從P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸法律治理模式的角度闡釋了民事法律對平臺的意義;由此可見,第二章承接第一章,在P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺"信息中介"的前提下,闡述民事法律對網(wǎng)貸行業(yè)健康長效發(fā)展具有的積極作用。第三章選取P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺四個主要民事法律問題進行分析,進而提出完善意見;第一節(jié)從案例出發(fā)闡述居間法律關(guān)系中P2P網(wǎng)貸平臺信息披露義務(wù)現(xiàn)狀,并從"平臺信息披露范圍民事法律規(guī)制"和"虛假信息披露民事責任"二個方面提出法律完善建議;第二節(jié)通過案例討論了 P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸中債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓民事行為法律效力的問題,進而提出在《管理辦法》出臺后,從發(fā)展出借人債券轉(zhuǎn)讓市場和有條件賦予P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺訴訟主體地位兩個方面拓寬債券轉(zhuǎn)讓空間的建議;第三節(jié)闡述傳統(tǒng)擔保形式在P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸領(lǐng)域的缺陷并相應(yīng)提出發(fā)展融資性擔保的建議;第四節(jié)著眼于P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺對其它網(wǎng)貸參與人的優(yōu)勢地位,在借鑒《侵權(quán)責任法》相關(guān)條文及完善電子證據(jù)程序的基礎(chǔ)上,通過民法責任的配置和認定,實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的法律公平。限于P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸市場數(shù)據(jù)獲取的限制,本研究在理論假設(shè)和實證檢驗方面還存在不足。隨著P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸市場秩序逐漸穩(wěn)定,民事法律實踐也會隨著新一輪更高層次的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融創(chuàng)新而不斷豐富,這也是未來進一步研究的方向,本文以期為P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸民事法律研究做出些許貢獻,促進P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的創(chuàng)新和完善。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of a pat on the loan in 2007 net loan platform, network lending industry in China entered the initial stage of development of P2P and.2013 years, government to promote internet financial innovation, encourage financial inclusion, provided a favorable policy environment for the development of P2P network lending platform. During this period, P2P network platform in operation the changing at the same time to achieve a rapid expansion. But at the same time, because of the legal gaps, lack of supervision, China's credit system is not perfect and other factors, P2P network lending industry also precipitated the industry risk at the time of fast development. Especially after 2014, frequent P2P network lending platform collapse, the situation difficult to cash and operators escaped run away, the whole industry into the risk accumulation and the outbreak period. Therefore, how to resolve the plight of the industry to become the P2P network lending regulators, practitioners and researchers together according to the issues of concern. The literature research, present research results although causes of P2P network lending difficulties have different conclusions, but the legal gaps lead to the absence of regulation "has been recognized as one of the factors of net loan market risk of the outbreak. The current study for the P2P network lending legal lack of supervision has been reduced, these studies are mainly concentrated in the field of criminal law and economy law, mainly from the identification of economic crime, causes prevention perspective or P2P network lending difficulties described from administrative supervision perspective and solutions, and in the field of civil law, the research of P2P network lending is relatively less. Most of the research on civil law which is widely scattered in the investigation and case analysis of the courts, system and comprehensive enough. The reason for the lack of research on civil law, one is the P2P network lending industry in urgent need of barbaric growth, criminal law and administrative law and stable order; two Due to uncertain P2P network lending platform, Internet financial innovation in the background, it is difficult for the court platform defines the civil legal relationship. But in August 2016 > after the introduction of management measures) P2P, network lending platform has been characterized as information intermediary, credit transfer credit intermediary with the nature of the business is prohibited, which creates conditions for the research of P2P network lending civil law. Civil law is not only reflected by the participants from equal consultation, also has a national force to guarantee the implementation of industry self-regulation, both capital and the dual advantage of administrative criminal law the law. In addition, each stage of civil legal through P2P network lending legal governance mode, effectively promote the national legislation and self-discipline industry norms of mutual Still, it has a unique role. We can predict that P2P network lending industry in order after the role of civil law will gradually rise, have a positive significance for the entire industry healthy long-term development. This is also the selection of civil law as the research perspective in this paper. According to the civil legal issues P2P net loan platform based on the existing. The collection and analysis of research materials and cases, analyzes the nature of the P2P net loan platform information intermediaries, focuses on lending intermediary legal relationship, the legal relation of creditor's right, the four aspects of guarantee legal relationship and tort liability, analyzes the civil legal relationship involved and put forward the opinion on the legal problems of the main body of this paper. There are three parts, corresponding to the three chapter. The first section of the first chapter is mainly on the P2P network lending platform concept and characteristics, and then from the platform operation mode of flat net loan The second section expounds the status of Taiwan; summarizes the development of P2P net loan platform, this paper analyzes the P2P start, development, encounter difficulties reason; the legal nature of the third section focuses on the P2P network lending platform, on the "measures on the administration of internal causes of P2P network lending platform as a" information intermediary "put forward their own opinion; in general, the first chapter defines the nature of the P2P network lending platform of information intermediaries, and the side implies that the development prospect of P2P network lending platform in different operating modes. The first section of the second chapter combs the current criminal field of P2P lending law, administrative law, civil law and self-discipline norms; the second section explains the meaning of civil law to the platform from the P2P network lending legal governance perspective; thus, the second chapter, based on the P2P network lending platform" information intermediary ", describes the civil law Has a positive effect on the healthy long-term development of net loan industry. The third chapter selects the P2P network lending platform four main legal problems are analyzed, and then put forward suggestions; the first section starting from the case on duty status of P2P net loan platform intermediary information disclosure legal relationship, and from the "platform of information disclosure scope of civil legal regulation" and "the false information disclosure of civil liability" two aspects put forward the legal suggestions; the second section through the case discusses the legal effect of civil behavior assignment problem in P2P network lending, and puts forward the measures on the administration of the "after the introduction, from the development of bond market and the lender transfer conditions gives the P2P network lending platform lawsuit status two widening the bond transfer space is proposed; the third section introduces the defects of traditional guarantee form in the field of P2P lending and put forward the development of the financing guarantee The fourth section focuses on the suggestions; P2P network lending platform in net loan to other dominant position, on the basis of "tort liability law and related provisions > perfect electronic evidence procedures, through the civil law responsibility allocation and determination of network lending legal fairness. For the limitation of P2P lending market to the limit of data, the research on the theoretical hypothesis and empirical test is still inadequate. With the P2P network lending market order gradually stabilized, civil law practice also with the Internet financial innovation of a new round of higher level and continuously enriched, which is the future direction of further research, this paper in order to study the P2P network lending civil law and make a little contribution. To promote the innovation and improvement of the P2P network lending platform.

【學位授予單位】：上海社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.28

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