本文選題：國有企業(yè)　切入點：公共性　出處：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：國有企業(yè)是國家發(fā)展過程中國家設(shè)立的產(chǎn)物,國家因擔負維護公共利益的使命而具有公共性。國家的公共性使得國有企業(yè)在三個方面具有顯著的公共性:一是國有企業(yè)存在目的之公共性。國家以國有企業(yè)形式經(jīng)營管理全民所有的財產(chǎn)是為達到如下目的:1.為公民提供公共產(chǎn)品、公共服務(wù);2.國企上繳利潤納入公共財政以實現(xiàn)國家目的;3.國企存在本身彰顯和維護社會主義制度。二是國有企業(yè)的出資人之公共性。按照公共信托理論,政府依法接受全民委托以出資人身份將歸屬于全民所有的財產(chǎn)注入到國有企業(yè),妥善管理以使全體公民受益。又因信托資產(chǎn)事關(guān)多數(shù)人利益,政府出資人處置國有資產(chǎn)須受到"公共利益"的約束。三是國有企業(yè)的監(jiān)管人之公共性。國企資產(chǎn)的公共性決定了監(jiān)管人的廣泛性與重要性,國企會受到來自企業(yè)內(nèi)部、出資人、政府、人大、社會的監(jiān)督。國有企業(yè)的公共性決定了國有企業(yè)必須履行特殊的義務(wù),這種特殊義務(wù)多集中體現(xiàn)在保障公共利益方面。第一,國有企業(yè)必須要遵循國家政策,支持國家社會發(fā)展。例如公益類國有企業(yè)必須落實國家社會經(jīng)濟政策,商業(yè)類國有企業(yè)應(yīng)該積極響應(yīng)國家政策的號召。第二,國有企業(yè)必須以服務(wù)大眾為原則,國企高級管理人員或員工不得壟斷或獨占國企資源。例如國有企業(yè)資源要面向社會公眾開放,不能被某些集團壟斷或濫用;國有企業(yè)的治理過程也應(yīng)吸納公眾參與,公開面向社會招聘職工。第三,國有企業(yè)必須上繳利潤納入公共財產(chǎn)以實現(xiàn)公共目的。政府在取得國有企業(yè)利潤分紅后將其納入公共財政,支持發(fā)展公共事業(yè)。第四,國有企業(yè)必須自覺接受出資人、國家機關(guān)和社會的監(jiān)督。例如國企應(yīng)該強化信息披露制度、建立績效考核制度等,積極主動地接受全社會的監(jiān)督。第五,國有企業(yè)高管應(yīng)受到《憲法》、《行政法》等公法的約束。國有企業(yè)的公共性與國有企業(yè)的特殊義務(wù)決定了國有企業(yè)享有特殊權(quán)利。第一,根據(jù)權(quán)利與義務(wù)相一致原則和國家目的之優(yōu)先性,國有企業(yè)享有優(yōu)先發(fā)展權(quán)。但并不是所有國有企業(yè)都享有該類特殊權(quán)利。只有關(guān)系國計民生重大利益、處于戰(zhàn)略性壟斷行業(yè)、提供公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)的行業(yè)、戰(zhàn)略競爭性行業(yè)的國有企業(yè)或公益類國有企業(yè),享有這種優(yōu)先發(fā)展權(quán)。值得注意的是,"優(yōu)先支持國企的發(fā)展"是一項原則性的權(quán)利規(guī)定,包括但不限于享有財政補貼、稅收優(yōu)惠等政策扶持的權(quán)利,政府確保該類國有企業(yè)正常營業(yè)的權(quán)益,享有優(yōu)先使用公共資源的權(quán)利等。無論國有企業(yè)獲得何種具體的特殊權(quán)利,都應(yīng)以公共利益需求為依據(jù)。只要國有企業(yè)經(jīng)營的事業(yè)與公共利益掛鉤,公共性就將政府、國有企業(yè)、特殊權(quán)利之間的鏈條銜接起來。第二,國有企業(yè)享有受保護權(quán)。由于國有企業(yè)關(guān)系經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展、公共產(chǎn)品與公共服務(wù)供給、國家安全等公共利益,所以國家要保護好國有企業(yè)。國有企業(yè)的受保護權(quán)體現(xiàn)在兩個方面:一是政府保護國有企業(yè)的發(fā)展。二是防止國有資產(chǎn)的流失。第三,國有企業(yè)高級管理人員獲取報酬的權(quán)利也具有特殊性。國有企業(yè)高級管理人員的薪酬應(yīng)由政府根據(jù)企業(yè)經(jīng)營狀況予以發(fā)放。原因有二:一是國企高管受政府委托管理國有企業(yè),其行為可視為政府行為;二是政府支付報酬有助于防止國有資產(chǎn)損失,并對高管形成工作激勵。在前述內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,本文對國有企業(yè)立法提出如下建議:一是建議在立法中明確國有企業(yè)公共服務(wù)職能。二是建議制定國有企業(yè)分類考核標準與實施細則。三是建議設(shè)計國有企業(yè)信息披露制度以強化公共監(jiān)督。四是建議加強對國有企業(yè)高級管理人員公法監(jiān)督與履職責任。五是建議起草《公共信托法》以縮減全民到國有企業(yè)之間的代理層級。
[Abstract]:The state-owned enterprise is a product of the establishment of the state in the development process, and the country has the public due to shoulder the maintenance of public interest of national public mission. So the state-owned enterprises have significant public in three aspects: one is the public purpose of existing state-owned enterprises. To state-owned enterprise management form of property owned by the whole people is to achieve the following objectives: 1. to provide citizens with public goods, public service; 2. of profits turned over to state-owned enterprises into public finance to realize the national objective; 3. state-owned enterprises exist highlight and maintain the socialist system. The two is the public investor of state-owned enterprises. According to the theory of public trust, the government entrusted with the investor to accept national identity Yu Quanmin will belong to all property into state-owned enterprises, in order to make the proper management of all citizens benefit. And because of the trust assets related to the interests of the majority of people, government funded disposal The state-owned assets shall be subject to the "public interest" constraints. Three is the public supervision of state-owned enterprises. The public supervision of state-owned assets determines people extensive and importance, state-owned enterprises will be from enterprises, investors, government, National People's Congress, the supervision of the society. The public state-owned enterprises determines the state-owned enterprises must perform special duties, this special obligations embodied in the protection of public interests. First, state-owned enterprises must follow the national policy, in support of national social development. Such as public welfare state-owned enterprises must implement the national social and economic policies, business class state-owned enterprises should actively respond to the call of the national policy. In second, the state-owned enterprises must be based on the principle of serving the public, state-owned enterprises senior managers or employees shall not be monopoly or exclusive state-owned resources. Such as state-owned enterprises resources should be open to public, some can not be set Group of monopoly or abuse; governance process of state-owned enterprises should absorb public participation, open society to recruit workers. In third, the state-owned enterprises must be paid profits into the public property to realize the public purpose. The government has profit after the state-owned enterprises will be incorporated into public finance, to support the development of public utilities. In fourth, the state-owned enterprises must consciously accept contributions people, state organs and social supervision. For example, state-owned enterprises should strengthen the information disclosure system, the establishment of performance appraisal system, and actively accept the supervision of the whole society. In fifth, executives of state-owned enterprises shall be governed by the constitution to < >, < > and other administrative law law constraints. Special obligation of public and state-owned enterprises state-owned enterprises decision the state-owned enterprises enjoy special rights. First, according to the rights and obligations of the principle of the priority of consistent and objective countries, state-owned enterprises enjoy priority. But not all There are state-owned enterprises enjoy the special rights. Only major interests in strategic relationship beneficial to the people's livelihood, monopoly, providing public products and public service industries, strategic competitive industry of state-owned enterprises or public welfare state-owned enterprises enjoy the priority. It is worth noting that, "give priority to support the development of the state-owned enterprises is a the principle of rights, including but not limited to enjoy financial subsidies, tax incentives and other policies to support the rights of the government, to ensure the normal business of the state-owned enterprises enjoy priority rights, the use of public resources rights. Whether state-owned enterprises obtain what kind of special concrete right, should be in the public interest needs as the basis. As long as the state owned enterprises the business and public interests, the public will be the government, state-owned enterprises, chain link up special rights between. Second, the state-owned enterprises enjoy the right to protection. The relationship between the economic and social development of state-owned enterprises, public product and public service supply, national security and other public interests, so the country to protect state-owned enterprises. To protect the power of state-owned enterprises is reflected in two aspects: one is the government to protect the development of state-owned enterprises. The two is to prevent the loss of state assets. Third, senior management personnel the state-owned enterprises the right to remuneration is also special. Remuneration of senior executives of state-owned enterprises by the government shall be issued according to business conditions. There are two reasons: one is the executives of state-owned enterprises commissioned by the government management of state-owned enterprises, their behavior can be regarded as the government behavior; the two is the government pays to help prevent the loss of state-owned assets, and the formation of work incentives for executives. Based on the above-mentioned content, this paper puts forward the following suggestions on the legislation of state-owned enterprises: one is that the state-owned enterprises clear public service functions in legislation Two. Proposal to develop a classified assessment of state-owned enterprises and the implementation details. Three is the recommended design of state-owned enterprise information disclosure system to strengthen public supervision. The four is the proposal to strengthen the state-owned enterprises senior management personnel supervision and public duty. The five is suggested to reduce the "public trust law > the whole people to agency level between state-owned enterprises.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.291
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本文編號：1592839