本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海上保險(xiǎn) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更 《海商法》修改　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在海上保險(xiǎn)法中,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更法律制度旨在確定并維系海上保險(xiǎn)合同存續(xù)的基礎(chǔ),以便使得保險(xiǎn)人在此種基礎(chǔ)發(fā)生變化時(shí),能夠有權(quán)終止合同或增加保費(fèi),從而達(dá)到控制承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的目的。英國海上保險(xiǎn)法建立在《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》和眾多判例之上,其對英美法系國家有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更在英國海上保險(xiǎn)法中主要體現(xiàn)于航程制度和保證制度。然而令人遺憾的是,由于航運(yùn)環(huán)境的改變以及隨之而來的保險(xiǎn)市場的發(fā)展,英國海上保險(xiǎn)法中諸多古老的規(guī)則已經(jīng)難以針對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更提供合理的裁判依據(jù)。雖然英國《2015保險(xiǎn)法》的通過將極大地改善這一狀況,但是先前英國海上保險(xiǎn)法在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更方面暴露的諸多問題并不會(huì)因?yàn)樾路ǖ膶?shí)施而從根本上被徹底杜絕。與此同時(shí),由挪威制定的《北歐海上保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃》已被北歐海上保險(xiǎn)市場所廣泛接受,其在大陸法系國家的影響力已然不容忽視。與英國海上保險(xiǎn)法不同的是,《北歐海上保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃》針對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更設(shè)立了專門的章節(jié),因而其在調(diào)整風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更情況下的保險(xiǎn)法律關(guān)系時(shí)不僅規(guī)定更加完善,而且更具有可操作性。在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更問題上,我國立法與英國海上保險(xiǎn)法和《北歐海上保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃》的相關(guān)規(guī)定皆有相似之處。一方面,我國《海商法》第235條以及相關(guān)司法解釋就保證制度作出了簡要的規(guī)定,類似于《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》；另一方面,我國《保險(xiǎn)法》第49條和第52條確立了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加制度,其不僅與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更聯(lián)系甚密,而且與《北歐海上保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃》的調(diào)整模式相近。在這一法律背景下,如何就風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更問題使我國海上保險(xiǎn)立法有效地借鑒兩大法系的典型調(diào)整模式便頗為值得研究。本文分為四個(gè)部分,第一章闡釋了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更制度的核心內(nèi)容與重要意義,并就其與相關(guān)民法制度進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的對比,明確了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更制度的獨(dú)立性與不可代替性。第二章分析了英國保險(xiǎn)法中關(guān)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更的規(guī)定,內(nèi)容包括航程制度、保證制度、保險(xiǎn)條款,以及《2015年保險(xiǎn)法》對原有保證制度將會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響。第三章著重介紹2013年版《北歐海上保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃》中與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更有關(guān)的部分,內(nèi)容包括《北歐海上保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃》的制定背景和歷史沿革,以及其中關(guān)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更的一般規(guī)定和特別規(guī)定。第四章為我國海上保險(xiǎn)立法提出了相關(guān)建議,其分析了在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更方面我國立法所暴露的問題,并且指出我國應(yīng)當(dāng)如何充分吸收前述兩種調(diào)整模式的有益成分,從而取長補(bǔ)短,完善現(xiàn)有的相關(guān)法律制度。
[Abstract]:In the marine insurance law, the legal regime of risk change is designed to establish and maintain the basis for the survival of a marine insurance contract so that the insurer may have the right to terminate the contract or increase the premium in the event of a change in such a basis. In order to achieve the purpose of controlling underwriting risks, the British Maritime Insurance Law is based on the Marine Insurance Act of 1906 and many precedents. It has a profound influence on the common law countries. The risk change is mainly reflected in the voyage system and the guarantee system in the British marine insurance law. However, it is regrettable that. Because of the change of shipping environment and the development of insurance market. Many of the ancient rules of the British Maritime Insurance Act have been difficult to provide a reasonable basis for adjudication of risk changes, although the passage of the UK Insurance Act 2015 will greatly improve the situation. However, many of the problems exposed in the former British Maritime Insurance Law in terms of risk change will not be completely eliminated because of the implementation of the new law. At the same time. The Nordic Marine Insurance Scheme developed by Norway has been widely accepted by the Nordic Marine Insurance Market, and its influence in the countries of continental legal system can not be ignored. The Nordic Marine Insurance Plan has set up a special chapter for risk change, so it not only provides more perfect regulations when adjusting the legal relationship of insurance under the circumstance of risk change. And more operable. On the issue of risk change, our legislation and the British marine insurance law and "Nordic Marine Insurance Scheme" of the relevant provisions are similar. On the one hand. Article 235 of the Maritime Law of our country and the related judicial interpretation make a brief stipulation on the guarantee system, which is similar to the Marine Insurance Law of 1906; On the other hand, articles 49 and 52 of China's Insurance Law establish the risk increase system, which is not only closely related to risk change. And similar to the Nordic Marine Insurance Scheme's adjustment model. In this legal context. How to make the marine insurance legislation of our country draw lessons from the typical adjustment mode of the two legal systems effectively on the issue of risk change is worth studying. This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter explains the core content and significance of the risk change system, and makes a detailed comparison with the relevant civil law system. The second chapter analyzes the provisions of the British Insurance Law on risk change, including voyage system, guarantee system, insurance clause. And the impact of the Insurance Act of 2015 on the original security system. Chapter III focuses on the 2013 edition of Scandinavian Marine Insurance Plan which is related to risk changes. The contents include the background and historical evolution of the Nordic Marine Insurance Plan, and the general and special provisions on risk change. Chapter 4th provides relevant suggestions for China's marine insurance legislation. It analyzes the problems exposed by our country's legislation in the aspect of risk change, and points out how our country should fully absorb the beneficial elements of the two adjustment modes mentioned above, so as to learn from each other's weaknesses and perfect the existing relevant legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D912.28;D912.29

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