事實婚姻認定標準初探
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-23 14:23
【摘要】：在中國人千百年來的傳統(tǒng)觀念中,一直將舉行結(jié)婚儀式,視為婚姻成立不可或缺的條件。中華人民共和國成立后,國家實行單一的結(jié)婚登記制度,否定了儀式婚的法律效力。盡管登記婚已實行多年,但是長期以來,我國仍然存在相當數(shù)量的事實婚姻。事實婚姻,是指男女雙方未辦理結(jié)婚登記,以長久共同生活為目的,以夫妻名義共同同居生活,并且其婚姻關系具有一定公示公信力的婚姻形式。事實婚姻不僅在我國存在,在其他各國的存在也具有相當?shù)谋壤�。雖然對事實婚姻的規(guī)定有所不同,但是各國基本上都在調(diào)整對事實婚姻的態(tài)度,有條件地賦予事實婚姻以法律效力。根據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定,我國只對1994年2月1日之前存在的事實婚姻,進行片面的保護。這種一刀切的做法,不能保護事實婚姻當事人的合法權(quán)益,也不能切實解決事實婚姻當前的困境。本文從事實婚姻的概念和特征入手,分析了我國事實婚姻存在的狀況及原因,回顧了我國事實婚姻的立法歷程,并橫向?qū)Ρ攘似渌麌液偷貐^(qū)關于事實婚姻的立法,最后結(jié)合廣東省近五年事實婚姻司法審判實踐的分析,提出了筆者關于事實婚姻之認定標準的淺見。本文除了前言和結(jié)論之外,分為四章,全文三萬余字。第一章,事實婚姻概述。本章界定了事實婚姻的概念和特征,闡述了事實婚姻的存在狀況及成因,說明了事實婚姻雖欠缺了婚姻的法定形式要件,卻完全符合婚姻的實質(zhì)要件。所以,對于事實婚姻,應有條件地賦予其合法婚姻的效力。接著筆者對1949年以后,我國事實婚姻的立法演變進行了梳理,指出了我國現(xiàn)行法律對事實婚姻的規(guī)定存在的不足。第二章,其他國家和地區(qū)關于事實婚姻的比較法考察。本章對其他十個國家和地區(qū)的事實婚姻立法進行陳述,就結(jié)婚的形式要件進行橫向比較,并就如何賦予事實婚姻以效力進行了一定的評析。通過比較和分析,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)各國對事實婚姻的態(tài)度都比較謹慎,并朝著對事實婚姻進行承認的方向發(fā)展。這對我國完善事實婚姻認定標準,起到重要的借鑒作用。第三章,廣東省近五年事實婚姻司法審判分析。本章通過廣東省近五年內(nèi)三個關于事實婚姻的典型案例,說明了由于事實婚姻相關法律規(guī)定存在不足,導致在司法審判中,出現(xiàn)一些不符合法律公平公正價值的判決,從而引出完善事實婚姻認定標準的必要性。第四章,事實婚姻的認定標準。本章先提出了事實婚姻認定標準的指導思想,繼而在該思想的指導下,提出了事實婚姻認定標準的實質(zhì)性要件和形式性要件上。期望筆者對本課題的研究,對依法公正公平地處理事實婚姻相關問題,完善相關立法具有一定的參考意義。
[Abstract]:In the traditional Chinese concept for thousands of years, marriage ceremony has been regarded as an indispensable condition for marriage. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the state implemented a single marriage registration system, denying the legal effect of ritual marriage. Although registered marriage has been practiced for many years, a considerable number of de facto marriages still exist in China for a long time. De facto marriage refers to the marriage form in which both men and women have no marriage registration, live together in the name of husband and wife for a long time, and have certain public credibility in their marriage relationship. De facto marriage exists not only in China, but also in other countries. Although the regulations on de facto marriage are different, all countries are basically adjusting their attitude towards de facto marriage and giving legal effect to it conditionally. According to the current law, our country only protects the de facto marriage which existed before February 1, 1994. Such a one-size-fits-all approach cannot protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to a de facto marriage, nor can it effectively solve the current plight of a de facto marriage. Starting with the concept and characteristics of de facto marriage, this paper analyzes the status and causes of the existence of de facto marriage in China, reviews the legislative process of de facto marriage in China, and compares the legislation on de facto marriage in other countries and regions. Finally, based on the analysis of the judicial trial practice in Guangdong Province in the past five years, the author puts forward the author's opinion on the criterion of the recognition of the de facto marriage. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters, the full text of more than 30,000 words. The first chapter is an overview of de facto marriage. This chapter defines the concept and characteristics of de facto marriage, expounds the existence and causes of de facto marriage, and explains that although de facto marriage lacks the legal formal elements of marriage, it completely accords with the essential elements of marriage. Therefore, for de facto marriage, its legal marriage should be given conditional effect. Then the author combs the legislative evolution of the de facto marriage after 1949 and points out the deficiency of the current law on the de facto marriage in our country. The second chapter is about the comparative law of de facto marriage in other countries and regions. This chapter states the legislation of de facto marriage in ten other countries and regions, compares the formal elements of marriage horizontally, and evaluates how to give effect to the marriage. Through comparison and analysis, the author finds that the attitude of countries towards de facto marriage is cautious and develops towards the recognition of de facto marriage. This to our country consummates the fact marriage to identify the standard, plays the important reference function. The third chapter, the analysis of judicial trial of de facto marriage in Guangdong province in recent five years. Through three typical cases of de facto marriage in Guangdong Province in the past five years, this chapter shows that there are some judgments which do not accord with the fair and just value of the law in the judicial trial because of the insufficiency of the laws and regulations related to the de facto marriage. Thus leads to the necessity of perfecting the standard of factual marriage. The fourth chapter, the standard of determining de facto marriage. This chapter first puts forward the guiding ideology of the criterion of the recognition of de facto marriage, and then, under the guidance of the thought, puts forward the substantive and formal elements of the criterion of the cognizance of the de facto marriage. It is expected that the author's research on this subject will have some reference significance for dealing with the problems related to de facto marriage fairly and justly according to law and perfecting the relevant legislation.
【學位授予單位】：深圳大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.9
[Abstract]:In the traditional Chinese concept for thousands of years, marriage ceremony has been regarded as an indispensable condition for marriage. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the state implemented a single marriage registration system, denying the legal effect of ritual marriage. Although registered marriage has been practiced for many years, a considerable number of de facto marriages still exist in China for a long time. De facto marriage refers to the marriage form in which both men and women have no marriage registration, live together in the name of husband and wife for a long time, and have certain public credibility in their marriage relationship. De facto marriage exists not only in China, but also in other countries. Although the regulations on de facto marriage are different, all countries are basically adjusting their attitude towards de facto marriage and giving legal effect to it conditionally. According to the current law, our country only protects the de facto marriage which existed before February 1, 1994. Such a one-size-fits-all approach cannot protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to a de facto marriage, nor can it effectively solve the current plight of a de facto marriage. Starting with the concept and characteristics of de facto marriage, this paper analyzes the status and causes of the existence of de facto marriage in China, reviews the legislative process of de facto marriage in China, and compares the legislation on de facto marriage in other countries and regions. Finally, based on the analysis of the judicial trial practice in Guangdong Province in the past five years, the author puts forward the author's opinion on the criterion of the recognition of the de facto marriage. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters, the full text of more than 30,000 words. The first chapter is an overview of de facto marriage. This chapter defines the concept and characteristics of de facto marriage, expounds the existence and causes of de facto marriage, and explains that although de facto marriage lacks the legal formal elements of marriage, it completely accords with the essential elements of marriage. Therefore, for de facto marriage, its legal marriage should be given conditional effect. Then the author combs the legislative evolution of the de facto marriage after 1949 and points out the deficiency of the current law on the de facto marriage in our country. The second chapter is about the comparative law of de facto marriage in other countries and regions. This chapter states the legislation of de facto marriage in ten other countries and regions, compares the formal elements of marriage horizontally, and evaluates how to give effect to the marriage. Through comparison and analysis, the author finds that the attitude of countries towards de facto marriage is cautious and develops towards the recognition of de facto marriage. This to our country consummates the fact marriage to identify the standard, plays the important reference function. The third chapter, the analysis of judicial trial of de facto marriage in Guangdong province in recent five years. Through three typical cases of de facto marriage in Guangdong Province in the past five years, this chapter shows that there are some judgments which do not accord with the fair and just value of the law in the judicial trial because of the insufficiency of the laws and regulations related to the de facto marriage. Thus leads to the necessity of perfecting the standard of factual marriage. The fourth chapter, the standard of determining de facto marriage. This chapter first puts forward the guiding ideology of the criterion of the recognition of de facto marriage, and then, under the guidance of the thought, puts forward the substantive and formal elements of the criterion of the cognizance of the de facto marriage. It is expected that the author's research on this subject will have some reference significance for dealing with the problems related to de facto marriage fairly and justly according to law and perfecting the relevant legislation.
【學位授予單位】：深圳大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.9
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