【摘要】：隨著人工輔助生育技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),傳統(tǒng)家庭法中關(guān)于親子關(guān)系認(rèn)定以及監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)歸屬的規(guī)則受到挑戰(zhàn)。我國法律禁止代孕行為,但代孕行為的違法性并不影響民法上對(duì)親子關(guān)系以及監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的認(rèn)定。樣本案例中,兩個(gè)孩子系被告與其夫通過非法代孕方式所生,原告作為兩個(gè)孩子的祖父母在其子病故后,以被告與孩子沒有血緣關(guān)系為由,向法院申請(qǐng)由其擔(dān)任兩個(gè)孩子的監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)人。本案涉及的主要問題是在被告與兩個(gè)孩子沒有自然血親的情況下,能否形成擬制血親,即被告能否與兩個(gè)孩子形成養(yǎng)父母子女關(guān)系或有撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系的繼父母子女關(guān)系。我國民法上親子關(guān)系認(rèn)定采取“分娩為母”原則,因此被告不是分娩者不能認(rèn)定為兩個(gè)孩子的親生母親。我國收養(yǎng)法將收養(yǎng)登記規(guī)定為收養(yǎng)的有效要件,欠缺法定形式要件的收養(yǎng)行為無效。在本案中,陳某不具有收養(yǎng)的要式法律行為,不構(gòu)成收養(yǎng)法律關(guān)系。兩個(gè)孩子屬于締結(jié)婚姻關(guān)系后夫妻一方的非婚生子女。兩個(gè)孩子出生后與被告共同生活五年,被告履行了作為一名母親對(duì)孩子的撫養(yǎng)、保護(hù)、教育、照顧等諸項(xiàng)義務(wù),故應(yīng)認(rèn)定雙方之間已形成有撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系的繼父母子女關(guān)系。此外,根據(jù)未成年人利益最大化原則,兩個(gè)孩子跟隨被告更有利于其健康成長。所以,本案中應(yīng)當(dāng)由被告陳某取得兩個(gè)孩子的監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of artificial assisted reproductive technology, the rules of paternity and custody in traditional family law are challenged. Surrogacy is prohibited by law in our country, but the illegality of surrogacy does not affect the recognition of paternity and custody in civil law. In the sample case, two children were born by the defendant and her husband through illegal surrogacy. The plaintiff, as the grandparent of the two children, after the death of his son, argued that the defendant and the child were not related by blood. Apply to the court for custody of two children. The main issue involved in the present case is whether the defendant can form a hypothetical kinship when the accused and the two children do not have natural blood relatives, that is, whether the defendant can form a parent-child relationship with the two children or a stepparent relationship with the two children. The principle of motherhood is adopted in the determination of parent-child relationship in China's civil law, so the defendant is not the mother of two children. The adoption law of our country prescribes the adoption registration as the effective element of adoption, and the adoption that lacks the legal form element is invalid. In this case, Chen does not have the legal act of adoption, does not constitute the legal relationship of adoption. Two children are children born out of wedlock of one of the spouses. After the two children were born, they lived with the defendant for five years, and the defendant fulfilled the obligations of raising, protecting, educating and caring for the child as a mother, so it should be considered that the stepparent relationship has formed between the two sides. In addition, according to the principle of maximization of the interests of minors, it is more beneficial for two children to follow the defendant. Therefore, in this case should be the defendant Chen to obtain custody of two children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D923.9;D920.5

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