【摘要】：民法基本原則是民事法律制度的根本指導思想，其效力貫穿于所有民事活動的始終。民法基本原則具有克服成文法的局限性、彌補法律滯后性的功能。在司法實踐中，直接適用民法基本原則判處案件的比例有所提高，而這其中“公序良俗”原則的直接適用也成為了一個社會關注的熱點。公序良俗是民法體系中重要的一項原則，，在大陸法系中占有重要地位。但我國民法體系中并沒有對公序良俗進行明確的界定，致使這一概念的定位、考量、適用標準都存在較大差異，進而造成在司法實踐中的不確定性。公序良俗的實質是對當事人意識自治的限制，在我國司法實踐中，該限制集中體現(xiàn)在遺贈領域，如瀘州遺贈案、廣西二奶案等，最終目的是確定遺贈行為的效力。這類案件與婚姻法、繼承法相關法律存在交織，適用公序良俗限定使當事人自治無效的標準、依據(jù)、尺度應如何把握？目前尚未有一個明確的標準，完全靠法官的自由裁量，這使得同案不同判的現(xiàn)象比較普遍。筆者力圖通過案例對比分析，從學理及實踐角度對公序良俗在遺贈糾紛中的裁量問題進行分析，旨在尋求一種在遺贈案件中對公序良俗限定標準的界定或者一種審理思路，使該原則的適用更加理性合理，具有相對的操作性。
[Abstract]:The basic principle of civil law is the basic guiding ideology of civil law system, and its effect runs through all civil activities. The basic principles of civil law have the function of overcoming the limitation of statutory law and making up for the lag of law. In judicial practice, the proportion of cases directly applied to the basic principles of civil law has been increased, and the direct application of the principle of "public order and good custom" has become a hot spot of social concern. Public order and good custom is an important principle in the civil law system and plays an important role in the civil law system. However, there is no clear definition of public order and good custom in the civil law system of our country, which leads to great differences in the orientation, consideration and applicable standards of this concept, which leads to uncertainty in judicial practice. The essence of public order and good custom is to restrict the party's consciousness autonomy. In the judicial practice of our country, the restriction is concentrated in the field of bequest, such as Luzhou bequest case, Guangxi second wife case and so on, and the ultimate purpose is to determine the effect of bequest behavior. This kind of case is intertwined with the marriage law and the law of inheritance. How should we grasp the criterion of applying public order and good custom to limit the invalidation of party autonomy? At present, there is no clear standard, which depends entirely on the discretion of the judge, which makes the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case more common. Through the comparative analysis of cases, the author tries to analyze the discretion of public order and good custom in legacy disputes from the point of view of theory and practice, in order to seek a definition of the standard of public order and good custom in legacy cases or a way to try it. Make the application of this principle more rational and reasonable, have relative operability.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923

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