【摘要】：典雇妻女作為中國(guó)古代特有的婚姻現(xiàn)象,自元朝起被納入法律禁止的范圍。它作為買賣婚(賣妻)的一種變體,伴隨著典權(quán)制度的萌芽而萌芽。一方面,它和賣妻行為相比,帶有更強(qiáng)的買賣婚屬性,女性的生殖力得到了最大程度的利用。另一方面,它又作為一配多偶的一種形態(tài),和另一種一配多偶的形態(tài)——官方認(rèn)可的一夫一妻多妾制——并存。在一些男多女少兩性比例失衡懸殊的省份,一妻多夫成了社會(huì)底層人民(男性)的一種無(wú)奈選擇。 本文梳理了中國(guó)古代典雇妻女現(xiàn)象的歷史(第一章第一節(jié))及其立法上的規(guī)定(第二章),并以明清二朝為中心,重點(diǎn)研究在此期間典雇婚的各種形態(tài)、區(qū)域分布(第一章第二節(jié)),試圖勾畫出一幅立體動(dòng)態(tài)的典雇婚圖景。第三章從立法和司法兩個(gè)層面分析官方對(duì)待典雇婚的不同態(tài)度,在這兩個(gè)層面中分別體現(xiàn)了立法者和司法者(主要是州縣一級(jí))的不同價(jià)值取向。 第四章選擇了四個(gè)比較有意義的話題進(jìn)行探討,例如,在當(dāng)事人看來(lái),“永久性”的賣妻契約真的是永久的嗎?何以一些典契被冠以“典”的名義,卻又行“租妻”之實(shí)?妻子在臨時(shí)婚姻中一定是被動(dòng)的受害人嗎?非法的典雇婚姻會(huì)被宗族認(rèn)可嗎?又比如,承典后所生之子是奸生子嗎?他享有什么樣的繼承權(quán)? 在結(jié)語(yǔ)中,筆者總結(jié)了造成典雇婚盛行的社會(huì)原因。在中國(guó)古代,生殖作為婚姻最重要的社會(huì)功能,在合法的買賣婚姻和非法的買賣婚姻兩種形態(tài)中各顯芬華。典雇婚,恰是這一亂象中矛盾最為集中的婚姻形態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Hiring wife and daughter as a special marriage phenomenon in ancient China has been prohibited by law since Yuan Dynasty. It as a variety of the sale of marriage (sale of wives), along with the germination of the pawn system. On the one hand, compared with selling wives, it has stronger property of buying and selling marriage and makes the best use of women's fecundity. On the other hand, it coexists as a form of multiple couples, and another form of multiple couples, officially recognized as polygamy. In some provinces where men outnumber women and women, polyandry has become a choice for the underclass. This paper combs the history of the phenomenon of wife and daughter employment in ancient China (chapter one) and its legislative provisions (chapter II), and focuses on the various forms of custom employment marriage in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Regional distribution (chapter 1, section 2), attempts to draw a three-dimensional dynamic picture of a typical employment marriage. The third chapter analyzes the different attitudes of the government towards the employment marriage from the two aspects of legislation and judicature, which respectively reflect the different value orientations of the legislators and the judiciary (mainly at the state and county level). The fourth chapter selects four more meaningful topics to discuss. For example, in the view of the parties, is the "permanent" contract of wife sale really permanent? Why is it that some of the title deeds are given the name of "the Code", but also the "rent wife" of the truth? Must a wife be a passive victim in a temporary marriage? Will illegal marriages be recognized by the clan? For example, is the son born after the Code a child of adultery? What kind of inheritance does he have? In the conclusion, the author summarizes the social reasons for the prevalence of classical employment marriage. In ancient China, reproduction was the most important social function of marriage. The typical employment marriage is precisely the most concentrated form of marriage in this chaotic phenomenon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D923.9

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