【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展,生育權從最初的一項自然權利逐步轉變?yōu)楣竦囊豁椃ǘ嗬?法律對生育權的保護得到日益加強。但是,近些年來生育權糾紛的案件層出不窮,特別是夫妻間的生育權沖突和對夫妻生育權侵害而產生的訴訟越來越多。而在我國,理論界對生育權的研究分歧一直比較大,關于生育權的立法也相對滯后,特別是夫妻生育權的民事立法幾乎是空白,存在比較突出的法律漏洞。這直接導致夫妻生育權不能得到有效的法律保障,在司法實踐中因夫妻間的生育權沖突和侵害夫妻生育權而引起的訴訟往往出現(xiàn)判罰不一、法官為難、當事人雙方不服的情況,從而不利于糾紛的解決、權利的保護、侵害的彌補和法律公平正義的伸張。隨著人們法律知識的普遍提升,權利意識的不斷增強,夫妻的生育權問題日益為人們所關注,究竟什么是夫妻生育權?其內容是什么?夫妻間生育權糾紛的情形有哪些?如何處理夫妻間的生育權糾紛?如何認定和處理第三人侵害夫妻生育權?如何保障特殊情況下的夫妻生育權?等等一系列問題亟待解決。對夫妻生育權的立法保護,不僅關系到每對夫妻的應有權利,而且關系到婚姻、家庭的和諧和穩(wěn)固,這對于國家、社會、家庭和個人都是非常必要的。作為一種私權利,法律尤其應該從私法的角度予以充分的保障,隨著我國民主、法治的充分發(fā)展,夫妻生育權的民事立法問題日益提到議事日程上來。對此,本文從三個具有代表性的夫妻生育權糾紛的案例入手,提出相關問題從而引入對夫妻生育權的若干問題分析思考。首先,緊緊抓住生育權的基本概念,對夫妻生育權的含義、特征、法律定位和內容做出自己的認識。其次,有針對性地對夫妻間生育權糾紛的情形有哪些?如何處理夫妻間的生育權糾紛?如何認定和處理第三人侵害夫妻生育權?如何保障特殊情況下的夫妻生育權?等問題進行深刻的剖析,以尋求處理問題的辦法。最后,根據自己對以上問題的研究,就夫妻生育權的民事立法提出自己的一些設想或建議,以期待對夫妻生育權的合法保護和正確行使有一定的意義和幫助。 全文除前言、結語外共分六個部分加以論述: 第一部分是問題的提出。本部分由三個典型的案例引出夫妻生育權在學界和司法實務中存在的分歧和處理難點。主要是究竟什么是夫妻生育權?其內容是什么?夫妻間生育權糾紛的情形有哪些?如何處理夫妻間的生育權糾紛?如何認定和處理第三人侵害夫妻生育權?如何保障特殊情況下的夫妻生育權? 第二部分是夫妻生育權的內容分析。廓清生育權的基本概念,在此基礎上進一步闡明什么是夫妻生育權,介紹夫妻生育權的顯著特征和基本內容,對其法律性質進行準確的定位。 第三部分是夫妻間生育權糾紛的認定與處理。一方面,歸納和分析了夫妻間生育權糾紛的若干情形,區(qū)分不同類型的夫妻間生育權糾紛侵權與否;另一方面,提出解決不同性質的夫妻間生育權糾紛的具體辦法。 第四部分是第三人侵害夫妻生育權的認定與處理。第三人是指夫妻之外的任何單位和個人,因此,第三人侵害夫妻生育權的情況比較繁雜。本文試以醫(yī)療單位侵害為主、其他單位和個人侵害為次來闡明第三人侵害夫妻生育權可能會承擔民事責任、行政責任和刑事責任,以及都應該對夫妻雙方承擔精神損害賠償。 第五部分是特殊情況下的夫妻生育權問題。這類夫妻的生育權問題不在于糾紛與侵害,往往在于自身權利的實現(xiàn)比較困難。我們認為,這些夫妻既然處于特殊情況,法律應該允許其通過特殊的途徑和形式來實現(xiàn)他們的生育權。 第六部分是夫妻生育權的民事立法建議。根據前面的分析,有針對性地提出夫妻生育權的民事立法建議,一是把夫妻生育權作為民事基本權利予以確立,二是在婚姻法中以明確條款的形式規(guī)制夫妻的生育問題,三是明確侵害夫妻生育權的法律責任,四是反對生育協(xié)議合法化
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the reproductive right has gradually changed from a natural right to a legal right of citizens, and the protection of the reproductive right by law has been strengthened day by day. In our country, the theoretical circles have been divergent in the study of the right to child-bearing, and the legislation of the right to child-bearing is relatively lagging behind, especially the civil legislation of the couple's right to child-bearing is almost blank, and there are more prominent legal loopholes. This directly leads to the couple's right to child-bearing can not be effectively guaranteed by law, because of the couple's birth in judicial practice. Conflict of rights and infringement of husband and wife's reproductive rights often lead to different sentences, judges are in a dilemma, the parties are not convinced, which is not conducive to the settlement of disputes, the protection of rights, the remedy of infringement and the extension of legal fairness and justice. More and more people pay attention to the problem, what is the couple's reproductive right? What is its content? What are the situations of the couple's reproductive right disputes? How to deal with the couple's reproductive right disputes? How to identify and deal with the third party infringement on the couple's reproductive right? How to protect the couple's reproductive right under special circumstances? A series of problems need to be solved urgently. Legislative protection of husband and wife's reproductive rights is not only related to each couple's due rights, but also related to marriage, family harmony and stability, which is very necessary for the state, society, family and individual. As a private right, the law should be fully protected from the perspective of private law, with the full development of democracy and the rule of law in China. This article starts with three representative cases of couple's reproductive rights disputes, puts forward relevant problems and introduces some problems of couple's reproductive rights. Firstly, we should firmly grasp the basic concept of reproductive rights and the meaning of couple's reproductive rights. Secondly, what are the situations of disputes between husband and wife? How to deal with disputes between husband and wife? How to identify and deal with the third party infringement of husband and wife's reproductive rights? How to protect the husband and wife's reproductive rights under special circumstances? And other issues are deeply analyzed in order to seek solutions. Finally, according to my own research on the above issues, I put forward some ideas or suggestions on the civil legislation of the couple's reproductive rights, in order to look forward to the legitimate protection and correct exercise of the couple's reproductive rights have certain significance and help.
In addition to the preface and conclusion, the paper is divided into six parts:
The first part is the question raised. This part draws out the differences and difficulties in dealing with the couple's reproductive rights in the academic circles and judicial practice from three typical cases. What is the couple's reproductive rights? What is its content? What are the situations of the couple's reproductive rights disputes? How to deal with the couple's reproductive rights disputes? How to identify them? How to protect the birth right of couples under the special circumstances?
The second part is the content analysis of husband and wife's reproductive rights. It clarifies the basic concepts of the reproductive rights, further clarifies what is the husband and wife's reproductive rights, introduces the prominent features and basic contents of the husband and wife's reproductive rights, and accurately locates their legal nature.
The third part is the identification and settlement of the disputes over the right of reproduction between husband and wife.
The fourth part is the identification and treatment of the third party's infringement of the couple's reproductive rights. The third party refers to any unit or individual other than the couple. Therefore, the infringement of the couple's reproductive rights by the third party is more complicated. This paper tries to explain the possibility of the third party's infringement of the couple's reproductive rights. Civil liability, administrative liability and criminal liability, as well as compensation for spiritual damage to both husband and wife should be borne.
The fifth part is the issue of couples'reproductive rights under special circumstances.The issue of couples' reproductive rights does not lie in disputes and infringement, but often lies in the difficulty of realizing their own rights.We think that since these couples are in special circumstances, the law should allow them to realize their reproductive rights through special ways and forms.
The sixth part is the civil legislative proposals of the couple's reproductive rights. According to the previous analysis, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the civil legislation of the couple's reproductive rights. Firstly, the couple's reproductive rights should be established as the civil basic rights, secondly, the couple's reproductive rights should be regulated in the form of explicit provisions in the marriage law, and thirdly, the couple's reproductive rights should be The four is to oppose the legalization of the birth agreement.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D923

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 袁春;;我國生育權問題研究綜述[J];法制博覽(中旬刊);2012年05期

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 崔粉亞;拉薩移居漢族候鳥式生育模式研究[D];西南民族大學;2012年

2 吳平;我國生育權法律制度研究[D];上海社會科學院;2012年

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本文編號：2179930