本文選題：夫妻 + 共同　； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國修改后的婚姻法進(jìn)一步完善了夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制，特別是較為具體地規(guī)定了夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)的范圍，確立了夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)與夫妻個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)之間的界限，但是，由于社會政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的飛速發(fā)展，夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)的種類、范圍和夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)的關(guān)系等都有了新的變化，在諸如股權(quán)、商譽(yù)、夫妻一方的文憑、職業(yè)執(zhí)照等財(cái)產(chǎn)的夫妻權(quán)屬關(guān)系方面，現(xiàn)行婚姻法的規(guī)定還存在著一些不足或遺憾之處，仍然需要研究和探討。 文中“引言”，引出夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)共同所有制的制度內(nèi)涵、制度價(jià)值以及研究的意義所在，指出我國實(shí)行的是婚后所得共有制，與80年婚姻法相比進(jìn)一步明確了夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍，但在一些新的財(cái)產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域里，對夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬關(guān)系規(guī)定的不夠明確，仍然需要進(jìn)一步研究和探討并提出了三個(gè)方面的問題。 第一是股權(quán)作為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)的問題。文中表述了股權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)民事權(quán)利不同于其他民事權(quán)利的特征，股權(quán)的特殊性為股權(quán)作為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)的認(rèn)定和處理帶來了相應(yīng)的問題和麻煩，著重分析了股份被登記成夫妻一方時(shí)如何認(rèn)定其是否屬于夫妻共有，指出在我國夫妻共有股權(quán)的登記制度不夠健全的情況下，判斷股權(quán)的真正歸屬，不僅要以股東登記為依據(jù)，還應(yīng)當(dāng)以該股權(quán)據(jù)以轉(zhuǎn)化的其他財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的歸屬為實(shí)體上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時(shí)論述了股權(quán)由一方在婚前取得，而股息、紅利則是在婚后實(shí)際獲得，這時(shí)能否認(rèn)定該收益為夫妻共有以及股權(quán)作為夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)的分割原則和分割方式問題。提出了區(qū)別“抽象的股利分派請求權(quán)”和“具體的股利分派請求權(quán)”，以“具體的股利分派請求權(quán)”的取得時(shí)間作為認(rèn)定夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)的取得時(shí)間。認(rèn)為股權(quán)是一項(xiàng)特殊的民事權(quán)利，如果夫妻一方在婚前取得股權(quán)，且婚后所實(shí)際取得的股息、紅利是根據(jù)婚前公司股東會作出的確定的分派一定金額股利的決議，則該收益的權(quán)利取得時(shí)間為婚前，應(yīng)為夫妻一方個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)，如果該股東會決議是在婚后作出，則該收益的實(shí)際取得時(shí)間為婚后，應(yīng)為夫妻共同所有。同時(shí)，文中還提出了“主動增值和被動增值”理論，在判定股權(quán)收益的歸屬時(shí)，還要看是否滲入了夫妻婚后一方或雙方的時(shí)間、精力和勞動。文中在論述股權(quán)作為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)的分割原則時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)由于股權(quán)的特殊性，要同時(shí)兼顧兩個(gè)方面的原則，一方面，要從股權(quán)的屬性出發(fā)，按照公司法有關(guān)共有股權(quán)的原則進(jìn)行分割；另一方面，又要考慮到股權(quán)作為夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)的這一特殊性，在對股權(quán)進(jìn)行分割時(shí)，遵循婚姻法有關(guān)夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)分割的基本原則。對股權(quán)作為夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)的分割方式，要遵循《公司法》等有關(guān)法律和司法解釋的規(guī)定，具體可采用直接分割、股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、作價(jià)補(bǔ)償、拍賣分別等方式。 第二是商譽(yù)作為夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)的問題。在此一節(jié)中，文中給出了商譽(yù)的定義， WP=5 論述了商譽(yù)的法律性質(zhì)和地位，指出商譽(yù)在當(dāng)前已普遍被當(dāng)作無形資產(chǎn)看待，它具有雙重屬性，即人格屬性和財(cái)產(chǎn)屬性，因此，商譽(yù)的共有，在商譽(yù)是由夫妻一方建 立起來的情況下，夫妻雙方共同擁有的只是商譽(yù)權(quán)中的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益部分；如果商譽(yù)是由夫妻雙方共同建立的，則夫妻不但共同享有商譽(yù)權(quán)中的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，也共同享有商 譽(yù)權(quán)中的精神利益。商譽(yù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益內(nèi)涵，不僅包括現(xiàn)實(shí)的收益，也包括潛在的收益，商譽(yù)的潛在收益也屬于夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)。作為一種民事權(quán)利，具有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的特 權(quán)，筆者認(rèn)為將其歸入知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利體系較為合適。正因?yàn)樯套u(yù)具有可用金錢衡量的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，使得它在離婚案件中能夠作為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)予以分割。商譽(yù)的價(jià)值評 估和分割是非常重要又是非常困難的，文中對商譽(yù)的價(jià)值評估和作為夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)分割的具體原則和方式進(jìn)行了論述。認(rèn)為商譽(yù)價(jià)值評定的客體是商譽(yù)權(quán)，作為夫妻 財(cái)產(chǎn)的商譽(yù)具有附隨性，商譽(yù)的價(jià)值附著于其載體中 第三個(gè)是夫妻一方取得的學(xué)位、執(zhí)照作為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)的問題。文中以美國法院的三個(gè)案例，涉及到兩個(gè)問題，一是夫妻一方在婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間所取得的學(xué)位、 職業(yè)執(zhí)照是否屬于夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)的問題，二是如何處理婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間一方取得文憑、職業(yè)執(zhí)照所引發(fā)的利益沖突和利益平衡問題。對此，存在兩種觀點(diǎn)和評價(jià)， 一種觀點(diǎn)給予了肯定，認(rèn)為其屬于夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以公平分割；另一種則認(rèn)為，文憑、執(zhí)照不屬于財(cái)產(chǎn)的范圍，從而給予了否定。文中肯任了前一種觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn) 為，首先，，夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)中的“財(cái)產(chǎn)”概念，已經(jīng)突破了傳統(tǒng)的財(cái)產(chǎn)概念的范圍，被注入了新的內(nèi)涵，在婚姻財(cái)產(chǎn)中對財(cái)產(chǎn)要作擴(kuò)大理解，文憑、執(zhí)照中包含的經(jīng)濟(jì) 利益和價(jià)值可以作為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)來認(rèn)定。其次，文憑、執(zhí)照中的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的權(quán)利具有共享性。文中以“夫妻經(jīng)濟(jì)合伙”理論為基礎(chǔ)，論證了夫妻一方的文憑、執(zhí)照屬于夫妻合伙事業(yè)的產(chǎn)物，其中包含著另一方的出資，雖然這種出資的方式可能不同于其他的合伙關(guān)系。文中還從不同的理論基礎(chǔ)、法律根據(jù)、法律效果等方面論述了文憑、執(zhí)照作為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值分割與家務(wù)補(bǔ)償制度的區(qū)別。
[Abstract]:The amended marriage law in our country further perfects the property system of husband and wife, especially stipulates the scope of the common property of the husband and wife, establishes the boundary between the common property of the husband and wife and the personal property of the husband and wife, but, due to the rapid development of the social politics, the economy, the culture, the type of husband and wife property, the relationship between the scope of husband and wife property and so on With new changes, there are still some shortcomings or regrets in the current marriage law, such as equity, goodwill, husband and wife's diploma, professional license and other property relations, and still need to be studied and discussed.
The "Introduction" introduces the system connotation of the common ownership of husband and wife property, the value of the system and the significance of the study. It is pointed out that our country implements the joint ownership after marriage. Compared with the marriage law of 80 years, the property scope of the husband and wife is further clarified, but in some new property fields, it is not clear that the relationship between husband and wife property rights and ownership is not specified. Indeed, we still need further research and discussion, and put forward three problems.
The first is that the equity is the common property of the husband and wife. The article expresses that the ownership is different from the other civil rights. The particularity of the stock right brings the corresponding problems and trouble to the identification and treatment of the equity as the common property of the husband and wife. If it belongs to the husband and wife, it is pointed out that the real ownership of the shares should be judged not only on the basis of the registration of shareholders, but also the attribution of the other property rights which are converted to the entity under the condition that the registration system for the share of the husband and wife is not perfect in our country. If the dividend is actually acquired after marriage, can we identify the income as the split principle and the segmentation way of the husband and wife's common property, and put forward the time to distinguish the "abstract dividend distribution request right" and "the specific dividend assignment right", with the time of obtaining the "right of dividend assignment". In order to determine the time of acquisition of the shared property of the husband and wife, it is considered that the equity is a special civil right. If the husband and wife obtain a stock right before marriage and the actual dividend after marriage, the dividend is a resolution based on a certain amount of dividends made by the shareholders of the premarital company, then the time of obtaining the benefit shall be premarital. A husband and wife's personal property, if the resolution is made after marriage, then the actual acquisition time of the income is married, should be married to the common ownership. At the same time, the article also put forward the theory of "active value-added and passive appreciation". On the basis of the particularity of equity, we should take into account the principle of two aspects at the same time. On the one hand, it should be divided according to the principle of the share ownership of the company law, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the ownership should be considered as the common property of the husband and wife. This particularity, when dividing the stock right, follows the basic principle of the marriage law on the division of the common property of the husband and wife. As for the split way of the share of the husband and wife, we should follow the relevant laws and judicial interpretations of the company law and so on, which can be made by direct division, equity transfer, price compensation and auction respectively.
The second is the issue of goodwill as a common property of husband and wife. In this section, the definition of goodwill is given.
WP=5
This paper expounds the legal nature and status of goodwill, and points out that goodwill has been treated as intangible assets at present, which has dual attributes, that is personality attributes and property attributes. Therefore, the common ownership of goodwill is the economic benefit part of the right of goodwill when the goodwill is established by the husband and wife. If the goodwill is established by both husband and wife, the husband and wife not only share the economic interests of the right of goodwill, but also enjoy the spiritual interests of the right of goodwill. The economic interests of the goodwill not only include the real income, but also the potential income, and the potential benefits of the goodwill also belong to the common property of the husband and wife. With the privilege of intellectual property, I think it is more appropriate to put it into the right system of intellectual property right. It is because it has the economic value that can be measured by money so that it can be divided into the common property of husband and wife in the case of divorce. It is very important and very difficult to evaluate and divide the value of goodwill. The value evaluation of goodwill and the specific principles and ways of the division of the common property of the husband and wife are discussed. The object of the evaluation of the value of goodwill is the right of goodwill, which is attached to the goodwill of the husband and wife, and the value of the goodwill is attached to its carrier.
The third is the degree obtained by the husband and wife, and the license is the common property of the husband and wife. In this article, the three cases of the United States Court involve two questions, one is the degree obtained by the husband and wife during the marriage relationship, whether the occupational license belongs to the common property of the husband and wife, and the two is how to deal with the duration of the marriage relationship. There are two views and comments on the conflict of interests and the balance of interests caused by the diploma and the professional license. One view gives the affirmation that it belongs to the common property of the husband and wife and should be divided equally; the other is that the diploma is not the scope of the property. The first view is that, first of all, the concept of "property" in the common property of husband and wife has broken through the scope of the traditional property concept, and has been injected into the new connotation, to expand the understanding of the property in the marital property, the diploma, the economic benefits and values contained in the license as the common property of the husband and wife. Secondly, diploma, and The right of economic interests in the picture is shared. Based on the theory of "husband and wife economic partnership", the paper demonstrates the diploma of one spouse. The license is a product of the partnership of husband and wife. It contains the contribution of the other party, although the way of this contribution may be different from his partnership. The difference between the value division of diploma and license as a common property of husband and wife and the system of household compensation is discussed in terms of legal basis and legal effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D923.9

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 徐振華;;人力資本婚姻歸屬論[J];河南省政法管理干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年Z1期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 雷霆;夫妻公司的財(cái)產(chǎn)處分權(quán)研究[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2011年

2 孫曉敏;夫妻共有財(cái)產(chǎn)制下若干法律問題研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

3 曲萌;夫妻離婚時(shí)人力資本處理原則初探[D];華東政法大學(xué);2011年

4 張潔;夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)隱名共有問題研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2009年

5 陶弘;婚姻關(guān)系中的人力資本問題研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2010年

6 王敏娟;論離婚中夫妻共有股權(quán)分割[D];華南理工大學(xué);2012年

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