本文選題：兒童法律地位 + 親子法　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 兒童對(duì)社會(huì)和家庭的意義不言而喻,縱然在過去漫長(zhǎng)的歷史進(jìn)程中兒童所應(yīng)享有的權(quán)利一度被淹沒在家長(zhǎng)權(quán)的統(tǒng)治之下,無獨(dú)立的主體地位,但隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,文明的進(jìn)步,兒童這一特殊群體的權(quán)益愈發(fā)受到重視并以法律的形式予以確立。社會(huì)和家庭對(duì)兒童的健康成長(zhǎng)負(fù)有不可推卸的責(zé)任,但是時(shí)至今日仍有侵害兒童權(quán)益的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,尤其是在父母離婚過程中和離婚后,未成年子女由于缺乏自我維權(quán)的能力和途徑,時(shí)常在父母各自主張權(quán)利的同時(shí)被漠視和侵害。為了讓兒童在社會(huì)和家庭中的利益能最大程度地得到滿足,兒童最大利益原則應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,該原則如今已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為世界大多數(shù)國家在處理兒童事務(wù)尤其是在親子關(guān)系中涉及未成年子女利益事務(wù)時(shí)的最高準(zhǔn)則。 本文立足于我國現(xiàn)實(shí),比較研究了英美法系和大陸法系一些國家的親子法中關(guān)于兒童最大利益原則的立法狀況,針對(duì)我國親子法中對(duì)兒童利益保護(hù)的不足提出應(yīng)確立兒童最大利益原則,并從制度完善的層面提出對(duì)相關(guān)法律制度予以修改和完善的立法構(gòu)想。全文共分為引言、正文、結(jié)論三大部分,共計(jì)三萬五千字。 引言部分概括指出兒童最大利益原則研究的目的和意義,對(duì)兒童最大利益原則的稱謂進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)一,同時(shí)闡述了我國學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)該原則的研究現(xiàn)狀,并介紹本論文的研究目的、研究方法和主要內(nèi)容安排。 正文共分為四個(gè)部分: 第一部分為兒童最大利益原則概述。首先簡(jiǎn)要回顧了兒童法律地位的歷史變遷。其次闡述了兒童最大利益原則產(chǎn)生的國際社會(huì)背景。最后論述了兒童最大利益原則的內(nèi)涵、價(jià)值取向及功能。兒童最大利益原則要求在處理有關(guān)兒童在家庭和社會(huì)中涉及自身權(quán)利的一切問題時(shí),將兒童利益置于首要地位,且優(yōu)先于成人社會(huì)的利益而得到滿足。該原則的確立不只在實(shí)踐中能真正維護(hù)兒童權(quán)益、約束成人行為、衡平各方利益,而且還推動(dòng)了各國有關(guān)兒童保護(hù)的法律體系及制度的改進(jìn)與完善,具有重要意義。 第二部分為兒童最大利益原則在外國親子法中的體現(xiàn)。主要通過比較研究的方法簡(jiǎn)單介紹了英美法系和大陸法系一些國家關(guān)于兒童最大利益原則的內(nèi)涵、適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及在相關(guān)法律規(guī)定中的立法內(nèi)容與體現(xiàn)等,并對(duì)兩大法系國家進(jìn)行了比較與評(píng)析。 第三部分為兒童最大利益原則在我國親子法中的體現(xiàn)及立法之不足。主要包括兩方面的內(nèi)容:首先對(duì)我國親子法中保護(hù)兒童利益的立法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的介紹。其次指出我國親子法關(guān)于兒童最大利益原則的立法規(guī)定的不足之處。我國不僅沒有明文規(guī)定該原則,而且調(diào)整親子關(guān)系的法律規(guī)定也略顯粗略,這反映了我國兒童權(quán)益保護(hù)立法的滯后,不能順應(yīng)國際上親子法的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),因此亟待立法完善。 第四部分為兒童最大利益原則在我國親子法中的確立及利益衡平。首先針對(duì)第三部分所提出的問題主張?jiān)谖覈H子法中應(yīng)明確規(guī)定兒童最大利益原則,并就如何完善相關(guān)法律制度提出立法建議。例如,應(yīng)取消非婚生子女的稱謂、規(guī)定未成年子女在家庭中的權(quán)利、擴(kuò)大探望權(quán)主體的范圍等。其次,簡(jiǎn)要分析了我國確立兒童最大利益原則所要面臨的利益衡平問題。兒童最大利益原則并不是將兒童利益置于至高無上的地位而置其他利益主體的利益于不顧,它是在實(shí)現(xiàn)和維護(hù)兒童權(quán)益的同時(shí)既能夠保證未成年子女與父母的利益衡平,又能夠衡平兒童與成人這兩大群體的利益。 結(jié)語部分對(duì)本文總體思路加以回顧,表達(dá)出期望立法盡快完善,以更好的維護(hù)兒童利益并構(gòu)建和諧親子關(guān)系的美好愿望。
[Abstract]:The significance of children to the society and the family is self-evident. Even in the long history of the process, the rights of children have been submerged under the rule of parents' rights and have no independent subject position. However, with the development of society and the progress of civilization, the rights and interests of this special group of children have been paid more and more attention and are given in the form of law. It is established that society and family have an unshirkable responsibility for the healthy growth of children, but there is still a phenomenon that infringes the rights and interests of children today, especially in the process of divorce and divorce, and the minor children are often ignored and infringed on their respective claims of rights because of their lack of self rights and ways of self-protection. In order to maximize the interests of children in society and family, the principle of the best interests of children came into being. The principle has now become the highest standard in most countries in the world to deal with the interests of children in children's affairs, especially in parent-child relations.
Based on the reality of our country, this paper makes a comparative study of the legislative situation on the principle of the best interests of children in the parent-child law of some countries of the Anglo American law system and the civil law system, and puts forward the principle of establishing the best interests of the children in view of the deficiency of the protection of children's interests in the parent-child law of our country, and puts forward the relevant legal systems from the level of system perfection. The whole article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, with a total of thirty-five thousand words.
The introduction summarizes the purpose and significance of the study on the principle of the best interests of children, and unify the appellations of the principle of the best interests of the children, at the same time, the research status of this principle in the academic circles of our country, and the purpose of the study, the method and the main content of the research are introduced.
The text is divided into four parts:
The first part is an overview of the principle of the best interests of children. First, a brief review of the historical changes of children's legal status is briefly reviewed. Secondly, the international social background of the principle of the greatest interests of children is expounded. Finally, the connotation, value orientation and function of the principle of the greatest interests of children are discussed. The principle of the best interests of children is required to deal with the children in the family. It is not only in practice that it can truly safeguard the rights and interests of children, restrain adult behavior and balance the interests of the parties, but also promote the legal system and system of the protection of children in various countries. It is of great significance to improve and improve the degree.
The second part is the embodiment of the principle of the best interests of children in the law of foreign parents and children. Through a comparative study, the connotation of the principle of the best interests of the children, the standard of application and the legislative capacity and embodiment in the relevant legal provisions are briefly introduced through comparative study, and the two legal system countries are carried out. Comparison and analysis.
The third part is the embodiment of the principle of the best interests of children in China's parent-child law and the lack of legislation. It mainly includes two aspects: first, it introduces the legislative status of the protection of children's interests in China's parent-child law. Secondly, it points out the shortcomings of the legislative provisions of the parent-child law on the maximum benefit principle of children in our country. Not only does it stipulate this principle, but also the legal provisions to adjust the relationship between parents and children are slightly sketchy, which reflects the lag of the legislation of the protection of children's rights and interests in our country, and can not comply with the development trend of the parent-child law in the world, so it is urgent to improve the legislation.
The fourth part is the establishment and equity balance of the principle of children's greatest interests in China's parent-child law. First of all, according to the questions raised in the third part, the principle of the best interests of children should be clearly defined in the parent-child law in our country, and the legislative proposals on how to perfect the relevant legal system. For example, the appellation of children born out of wedlock should be cancelled, and the provisions are not stipulated. The rights of the adult children in the family expand the scope of the subject of the visitation right. Secondly, this paper briefly analyzes the balance of interests that China has to face in establishing the principle of the best interests of children. The principle of the best interests of children is not to put the interests of children in the supreme position and disregard the interests of other benefit subjects, it is in the realization and dimension. The protection of children's rights and interests can not only guarantee the interests of minor children and their parents, but also balance the interests of the two groups of children and adults.
The concluding part reviews the general idea of this article, and expresses the hope that the expected legislation will be perfected as soon as possible so as to better safeguard the interests of children and build a harmonious relationship between parents and children.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D923

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 楊勇;論離婚中未成年子女利益的保護(hù)[D];西南政法大學(xué);2010年

2 戚煜珩;離婚后的未成年子女撫養(yǎng)制度研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2011年

3 鄧婭琛;論未成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度之完善[D];西南政法大學(xué);2011年

4 唐明;論兒童在離婚法中的主體地位[D];西南政法大學(xué);2010年

5 李佳;論離婚法兒童最大利益原則[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1883823