本文選題：身份 + 身份權(quán)�。� 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 民法學(xué)中學(xué)者多廣泛、深入地探究財產(chǎn)關(guān)系,而對人身關(guān)系理論的研究較為落后,對身份權(quán)的研究尤為輕視。隨著許多有關(guān)身份權(quán)的問題的提出,身份權(quán)得到越來越多的關(guān)注,對其的研究也再不斷地深入。本文在厘清以下問題的基礎(chǔ)上,闡明身份權(quán)的含義。譬如:市民法(civil law)調(diào)整對象的歷史演變、梅因爵士之“從身份到契約”的判斷、從近代民法到現(xiàn)代民法的轉(zhuǎn)變、民事主體從“抽象人”到“具體人”的發(fā)展趨勢、有關(guān)消費者和勞動者的身份立法、“從契約到身份”的新判斷等等。本文從身份的含義開始論述,進而確定民法中身份權(quán)的內(nèi)涵及外延。結(jié)合我國身份權(quán)立法上的特色與不足,以及實踐中的需要,根據(jù)身份權(quán)的特殊性質(zhì),對建立具體的身份權(quán)民法保護制度提出建議。 本文共約四萬字,共分為前言、正文和結(jié)語三個部分。具體內(nèi)容分述如下:引言:本部分首先明確民法的調(diào)整對象,為平等民事主體間的人身關(guān)系與財產(chǎn)關(guān)系。在提出有關(guān)身份權(quán)問題的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對國內(nèi)外身份權(quán)研究現(xiàn)狀的比較,明確本文的寫作目的是為了解決實踐中身份權(quán)保護所遇到的立法缺失問題。 正文共分為四個部分: 第一部分:身份概述。身份的概念因定義角度不同而存在差異,社會學(xué)上廣義的身份就不同于法律上的狹義身份,而刑法上的身份與民法上的身份相異。民法上身份的含義經(jīng)歷了從古羅馬法——中世紀法——近現(xiàn)代民法的發(fā)展變化的過程。在身份逐漸平等化的過程中,私法中區(qū)分身份的意義逐漸減弱,身份的區(qū)分也僅體現(xiàn)在親屬關(guān)系的區(qū)分之中。當(dāng)身份關(guān)系逐漸表征為權(quán)利時,身份權(quán)產(chǎn)生。身份權(quán)的產(chǎn)生既然與身份的平等化密切相關(guān),所以在民法的語境下,身份的含義應(yīng)僅指具有倫理屬性的親屬關(guān)系。 第二部分:身份權(quán)的概述。依據(jù)上文之身份含義,身份權(quán)的內(nèi)涵得以明確。所謂身份權(quán),是指自然人基于身份關(guān)系所生的,與其人身不可分離的,與財產(chǎn)無關(guān)的權(quán)限或權(quán)限的集合。相應(yīng)地,身份權(quán)的外延也得以限定,它包括配偶權(quán)、親權(quán)、親屬權(quán)、監(jiān)護權(quán)。因?qū)@四種權(quán)利的爭議較多,本文重新詮釋了這四種權(quán)利的外延。而身份權(quán)所具有的特殊屬性,即身份權(quán)的倫理價值和身份權(quán)的特殊性質(zhì),決定了身份權(quán)民法保護制度的特殊性。 第三部分:身份權(quán)的民法保護制度。身份在各部門法中都具有意義,如刑法中的“身份犯”,經(jīng)濟法中的“消費者”、“勞動者”身份,各部門法給予它不同的規(guī)定。在民法中,身份權(quán)保護方式和民事訴訟密切相關(guān),而訴訟則又以民事權(quán)利為依據(jù)。我國現(xiàn)行民法對身份權(quán)次級權(quán)利的劃分僅包括身份權(quán)的支配權(quán)、身份權(quán)的形成權(quán)。而身份權(quán)民法保護的現(xiàn)行規(guī)定則正反映出我國現(xiàn)行民事立法對身份權(quán)保護的漏洞甚多,立法上完善的必要。本文從兩個方面對民法中身份權(quán)保護制度提出建議。一方面,應(yīng)明確各身份權(quán)的權(quán)利內(nèi)容,給予訴訟以權(quán)利依據(jù);另一方面則是為身份權(quán)提供完備的救濟制度。其中應(yīng)構(gòu)建兩個制度體系,即身份權(quán)請求權(quán)體系和身份權(quán)的侵權(quán)請求權(quán)體系。它們共同組成完整的系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)身份權(quán)保護的目的。 第四部分:建立身份權(quán)保護制度對民法典結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。因為本文分析了身份含義、定義了身份權(quán)、分析了身份權(quán)的特殊屬性、對身份權(quán)民法保護制度做了重新的設(shè)計,所以對民法體系結(jié)構(gòu)有較大的影響。在建立身份權(quán)民法保護的制度的基礎(chǔ)上,本文重新安排了民法典中婚姻家庭法的結(jié)構(gòu)。 結(jié)語:總結(jié)全文。理論源自實踐,并指導(dǎo)實踐。系統(tǒng)性的制度設(shè)計需要實踐的檢驗,書面的法律規(guī)范應(yīng)成為活的體系,并在實踐中去粗取精,再用以完善制度體系。如果實踐——理論——實踐形成了一種良性循環(huán),這就是身份權(quán)保護的最優(yōu)的機制。
[Abstract]:The scholars in the civil law are widely used to explore the property relationship, and the research on the theory of personal relationship is relatively backward, especially the research on the right of identity. With many problems concerning the right of identity, the right of identity has been paid more and more attention, and the research on it can not be broken down. This article clarifies the following problems. For example, the historical evolution of the adjustment object of the civil law (Civil Law), the judgment of "from the identity to the contract" by Sir Maine, the change from the modern civil law to the modern civil law, the development trend of the civil subject from the "abstract man" to the "concrete man", the legislation on the identity of the consumer and the laborer, "from the contract to the identity" From the meaning of identity, this article starts from the meaning of identity, and then determines the connotation and extension of the right of identity in civil law, combining with the characteristics and shortcomings of the legislation of the right of identity in China, and the need in practice, and puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of a specific civil law protection system according to the special nature of the right of identity.
This article is divided into forty thousand words, including the preface, the text and the conclusion of three parts. The specific content is divided into the following: Introduction: this part first clearly defined the object of the civil law, the relationship between the personal relationship and the property between the equal civil subjects. On the basis of the question of the right of identity, this part made a clear comparison of the status of the research on the right of identity at home and abroad. The purpose of writing is to solve the lack of legislation in the protection of status rights in practice.
The text is divided into four parts:
The first part: identity overview. The concept of identity is different from the definition angle. The social identity is different from the legal narrow identity, and the identity of the criminal law differs from the civil law. The identity of the civil law has gone through the development and changes of the ancient Rome law - the Middle Century Law - the modern civil law. In the process of the gradual equality of identity, the meaning of distinguishing identity in private law gradually diminishes, and the distinction of identity is only reflected in the distinction of kinship. When the relationship is gradually represented as right, the right of identity is produced. The birth of identity is closely related to the equality of identity, so in the context of civil law, the meaning of identity is in the context of civil law. It should only refer to kinship with ethical attributes.
The second part: an overview of the right of identity. According to the identity of the previous article, the connotation of the right of identity is clearly defined. The so-called identity right refers to a collection of rights or powers that are unrelated to the property of a natural person, which is unrelated to the person, and the property is unrelated to the property. Accordingly, the extension of the right of identity is also limited, including the right of spouse, parental rights and relatives. Right, guardianship. Because of the more disputes over these four rights, this article reinterprets the extension of the four rights, and the special properties of the right of identity, that is, the ethical value of the right of identity and the special nature of the right of identity, determine the particularity of the civil protection system of the right of identity.
The third part: the civil law protection system of the right of identity. Identity is of great significance in all departments law, such as the "identity criminal" in the criminal law, the "consumer" in the economic law, the identity of "labourer", and the different provisions of the various departments law. In civil law, the way of protection of the right of identity is closely related to the civil action, and the litigation is civil rights. The subdivision of the secondary rights of the right of identity in the current civil law of our country only includes the right of the right of identity and the right to form the right of identity, while the current regulations on the protection of the right of identity are a reflection of the many loopholes in the protection of the right of identity in our current civil legislation and the necessity of perfecting the legislation. The protection of the right of identity in the civil law from two aspects On the one hand, we should make clear the right content of the right of identity and give the right basis for the litigation; on the other hand, we should provide a complete relief system for the right of identity. Two system systems should be constructed, that is, the system of the right of identity and the right of the right of claim for the right of identity. The purpose of protection.
The fourth part: establish the influence of the identity right protection system on the structure of the civil code. Because this article analyses the identity meaning, defines the identity right, analyzes the special attribute of the identity right, and redesigns the civil law protection system of the identity right, so it has a great influence on the civil law system structure. On the basis of this, this article rearranges the structure of marriage and family law in the civil code.
Conclusion: a summary of the full text. Theory derives from practice and guides practice. Systematic system design needs to be tested in practice. Written legal norms should be a living system, and the system should be refined in practice and reused to improve the system system. If practice - Theory - practice has formed a virtuous cycle, this is the best protection of identity. The mechanism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D913

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