本文選題：婦女土地經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益 + 集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員資格��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)正處于快速城鎮(zhèn)化的階段,這種快速城鎮(zhèn)化帶動(dòng)了大量的農(nóng)地非農(nóng)化,促使土地的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值日益得到凸顯。作為農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織財(cái)產(chǎn),征地補(bǔ)償收益的分配涉及到村集體每個(gè)成員的切身利益。在人多地少的矛盾下,如何保障作為農(nóng)村社會(huì)流動(dòng)者的農(nóng)村婦女的土地經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益已成為社會(huì)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。隨著我國(guó)土地管理制度的不斷進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,農(nóng)村土地征收中婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益的保障問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到重視。然而,雖然我國(guó)的《土地管理法》、《婚姻法》及《婦女權(quán)益保障法》等一系列法律法規(guī)都強(qiáng)調(diào)了要保護(hù)農(nóng)村婦女土地經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益,但在村民自治和農(nóng)村傳統(tǒng)思想的影響下,部分法律文書(shū)已成為一紙空文,農(nóng)村土地征收中婦女的經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益無(wú)法得到真正保障。尤其是在征地補(bǔ)償收益的分配過(guò)程中,嫁往外地但戶口未遷出、離婚但沒(méi)有遷走戶口、再婚上門(mén)等農(nóng)村婦女的分配權(quán)往往被限制和剝奪,這些問(wèn)題直接影響到了法律的嚴(yán)肅性和農(nóng)村社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。本文主要從現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題、影響機(jī)理、法律分析和政策建議四個(gè)方面研究了我國(guó)農(nóng)村土地征收中婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益問(wèn)題。通過(guò)現(xiàn)狀研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)在我國(guó)農(nóng)村土地征收中婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益保障方面主要存在了集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員資格界定不明確、農(nóng)村集體收益分配立法不明確、村民自治受傳統(tǒng)落后觀念的影響嚴(yán)重、婦女權(quán)益對(duì)婚姻家庭的依賴性較強(qiáng)以及法律與政策存在漏洞等問(wèn)題。在影響機(jī)理方面,主要分析了土地特性、農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員權(quán)、婦女征地補(bǔ)償款分配權(quán)和鄉(xiāng)村治理,在此基礎(chǔ)上從農(nóng)村土地征收中婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益受侵害的經(jīng)濟(jì)根源、社會(huì)根源、利益動(dòng)機(jī)和博弈過(guò)程四個(gè)方面分析了其內(nèi)在作用機(jī)制——零和博弈。在法律分析方面,通過(guò)具體案例分析了農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員資格的界定、村集體土地補(bǔ)償款分配方案的制定和村民自治及村規(guī)民約的確立三個(gè)主要法律問(wèn)題。本文最后從六個(gè)方面提出保障農(nóng)村土地征收中婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益的政策建議：(1)規(guī)范農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員資格的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；(2)加強(qiáng)土地權(quán)利的個(gè)體化,弱化婦女對(duì)家庭及婚姻的依賴性；(3)加快農(nóng)村集體收益分配立法,建立集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織內(nèi)部征地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)分配方案；(4)調(diào)試與法律法規(guī)相矛盾的村規(guī)民約,規(guī)范村民自治權(quán)；(5)完善多種救助途徑,及時(shí)解決土地征收中婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益糾紛；(6)重視法制宣傳教育,提高農(nóng)民群眾的法律意識(shí)和維權(quán)意識(shí)。
[Abstract]:China is in the stage of rapid urbanization, which has led to a large number of agricultural land conversion, promoting the economic value of land has become increasingly prominent. As the property of rural collective economic organization, the distribution of compensation income of land expropriation involves the vital interests of each member of the village collective. Under the contradiction of large population and less land, how to protect the land economic rights and interests of rural women as rural social migrants has become the focus of social attention. With the continuous progress and development of land management system in China, more and more attention has been paid to the protection of women's economic rights and interests in rural land expropriation. However, although a series of laws and regulations, such as the Land Management Law, the Marriage Law, and the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and interests, have emphasized the need to protect the economic rights and interests of rural women, they have been influenced by villagers' autonomy and traditional rural ideas. Some legal documents have become a dead letter, rural land expropriation women's economic rights and interests can not be truly protected. Especially in the process of distribution of compensation income from land requisition, the distribution rights of rural women, such as those who married to other places but did not move out, divorced but did not move their hukou, and so on, were often restricted and deprived. These problems directly affect the seriousness of the law and the stable development of rural society. This paper mainly studies the economic rights and interests of women in rural land expropriation in China from four aspects: current situation, influence mechanism, legal analysis and policy suggestions. Through the study of the present situation, it is found that the definition of the membership of collective economic organizations is not clear and the legislation of rural collective income distribution is not clear in the aspect of guaranteeing the economic rights and interests of women in rural land expropriation. Villagers' autonomy is seriously influenced by traditional backward ideas, women's rights and interests depend heavily on marriage and family, and there are loopholes in laws and policies. In the aspect of influence mechanism, this paper mainly analyzes the land characteristics, the rights of members of rural collective economic organizations, the distribution of women's compensation for land requisition and the rural governance. On this basis, it analyzes the economic roots of the infringement of women's economic rights and interests in rural land expropriation. The social root, interest motive and game process are analyzed from four aspects: zero sum game. In the aspect of legal analysis, this paper analyzes the definition of membership of rural collective economic organizations, the formulation of rural collective land compensation allocation scheme and the establishment of villagers' autonomy and the establishment of village rules and regulations through specific cases. In the end, this paper puts forward the policy suggestion of protecting the economic rights and interests of women in rural land expropriation from six aspects: 1) standardizing the criteria for defining the membership of rural collective economic organizations and strengthening the individualization of land rights. Weakening women's dependence on family and marriage 3) speeding up the legislation of collective income distribution in rural areas, establishing the distribution scheme of compensation for land requisition within collective economic organizations and setting up the regulations of villages which are inconsistent with laws and regulations. Standardizing villagers' right of Autonomy (5) perfecting various ways of relief, timely solving disputes of women's economic rights and interests in land expropriation. 6) attaching importance to publicity and education of legal system and raising the legal consciousness and awareness of rights and interests of the peasants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F323.89;D669.68

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