本文選題：意定監(jiān)護(hù) + 意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同　； 參考：《甘肅政法學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：各國早期的成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度起源于羅馬法。到20世紀(jì)后期,發(fā)達(dá)國家基于老齡化的社會現(xiàn)狀對本國的成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度進(jìn)行了完善,意定監(jiān)護(hù)制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。而意定監(jiān)護(hù)制度在我國的發(fā)展始于2013年頒布的《老年人權(quán)益保障法》,其中提出了“協(xié)議養(yǎng)老”的方式。2017年3月15日通過的《民法總則》將意定監(jiān)護(hù)制度正式規(guī)定于我國的民事立法之中,是對我國傳統(tǒng)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的一大創(chuàng)新。但是,縱觀目前的立法現(xiàn)狀,意定監(jiān)護(hù)制度在我國都只是一般性、原則性的規(guī)定,而作為意定監(jiān)護(hù)制度重要內(nèi)容的意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同在立法上卻處于空白地段。鑒于此,筆者將意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同作為本文所探討的議題,對我國意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同制度提出具體的構(gòu)想,使之在實(shí)踐中具有可操作的功能。本文將意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同制度的基本理論作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。第一章對意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同的基本內(nèi)涵和法律性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析,明確意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同實(shí)質(zhì)是一種委托合同。并將意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同制度與相關(guān)制度進(jìn)行比較分析,以明晰意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同的特殊性從而不能被其他相關(guān)制度所取代,而應(yīng)作為一種新制度立于我國民事立法之中。通過對意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同基本理論的論述,明確意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同的基本構(gòu)造與特別之處。第二章對英美法系和大陸法系國家關(guān)于意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同制度的相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行闡述并對各國的相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行比較分析,結(jié)合我國的實(shí)際情況,總結(jié)出可供我國借鑒的經(jīng)驗。第三章落到我國意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同制度的構(gòu)建上。針對我國在此方面處于立法空白的狀況,首先對意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同的立法體例作出安排以及對作為指導(dǎo)思想的基本原則予以規(guī)定。意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同作為特殊的合同類型,在遵循合同法的一般原理外,在合同生效、合同范圍、合同權(quán)利義務(wù)等方面都存在特殊之處。并且為了保障合同所約定義務(wù)的履行和合同目的的實(shí)現(xiàn),建立意定監(jiān)督人的監(jiān)督機(jī)制來保護(hù)被監(jiān)護(hù)人的權(quán)益。筆者將對這些特殊之處進(jìn)行論述,為構(gòu)建我國的意定監(jiān)護(hù)合同制度提供幾點(diǎn)建議。
[Abstract]:The early adult guardianship system originated from Roman law. By the late 20th century, the adult guardianship system of developed countries was improved based on the aging social situation, and the determined guardianship system emerged as the times require. However, the development of the Italian guardianship system in China began in 2013 with the promulgation of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly, which puts forward the way of "providing for the aged by agreement". The General principles of Civil Law, adopted on March 15, 2017, formally stipulate the system of guardianship. In our country's civil legislation, It is a great innovation to the traditional adult guardianship system of our country. However, throughout the current legislative situation, the system of compulsory guardianship in our country is only a general, principled provisions, and as an important content of the system of Italian guardianship contract in legislation is in blank areas. In view of this, the author puts forward the concrete conception of the system of the free guardianship contract in our country, so that it can be operated in practice. This article regards the basic theory of the system of contractual guardianship as the starting point. The first chapter analyzes the basic connotation and legal nature of the Italian guardianship contract, and clarifies that the essence of the Italian guardianship contract is a kind of entrustment contract. By comparing and analyzing the system of compulsory guardianship contract and related system, it is clear that the particularity of compulsory guardianship contract can not be replaced by other relevant systems, but should be set up as a new system in civil legislation of our country. Through the discussion of the basic theory of the free custody contract, this paper clarifies the basic structure and special features of the free guardianship contract. The second chapter expounds the relevant provisions of the system of guardianship contract in Anglo-American law system and civil law system, and makes a comparative analysis of the relevant provisions of each country. Combined with the actual situation of our country, it sums up the experience that can be used for reference by our country. The third chapter falls to the construction of the system of our country's compulsory guardianship contract. In view of the situation that our country is in the legislative blank in this aspect, first of all, we make arrangements for the legislative style of the contractual guardianship contract and stipulate the basic principles as the guiding ideology. As a special type of contract, there are some special points in the following aspects, such as following the general principles of contract law, contract validity, contract scope, contract rights and obligations, etc. In order to guarantee the performance of the contractual obligations and the realization of the purpose of the contract, the supervision mechanism of the determined supervisor is established to protect the rights and interests of the guardian. The author will discuss these special points and provide some suggestions for the construction of our country's system of contractual guardianship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.1

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