本文選題：異性同居 + 事實婚姻　； 參考：《山東大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：異性同居關系是指具有嚴格完全民事行為能力的兩個單身男女,在未登記結婚的情況下,自愿進行較為穩(wěn)定地共同生活。在現(xiàn)實生活中,異性同居的人群范圍是非常廣泛的,存在著年輕人的“試婚”同居、中年人離婚后同居以及老年人“搭伴養(yǎng)老”同居和事實婚姻型的同居等。異性同居具有以下幾個特征,首先是主體須為具有嚴格完全民事行為能力的兩個單身男女；其次是當事人主觀上須為不結婚而自愿進行同居；再次是共同生活具有持續(xù)穩(wěn)定性；最后是不以公開性為要件,且不以夫妻名義為要求。異性同居具有道德上的中立地位和得以通過法律予以調(diào)整的正當性基礎,即共同生活的本質(zhì)。異性同居與事實婚姻和非法同居等近似概念在主體條件、主觀意愿、客觀表現(xiàn)和法律后果等方面都有所區(qū)別。 目前,我國選擇異性同居生活的人口規(guī)模日趨見長,且在年齡分布上較為普遍,形成這種狀況的原因包括思想觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的推動以及科技水平的提高等。而我國在異性同居關系的立法上卻存有缺陷,不僅在宏觀上缺乏對于異性同居關系進行調(diào)整的系統(tǒng)性規(guī)范,而且現(xiàn)有的具體法律規(guī)則也簡單粗陋。相較而言,域外一些國家早在20世紀末就已經(jīng)形成了較為完備的異性同居法律制度,將異性同居發(fā)展成為類似婚姻的新型家庭形式已經(jīng)逐漸成為世界范圍內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢。國外的異性同居法律制度從立法模式到制度內(nèi)容,既有值得我們借鑒的經(jīng)驗,也有引以為戒的教訓。其中,立法模式主要包括等同于婚姻的登記模式、等同于婚姻的事實模式、區(qū)別于婚姻的登記模式以及區(qū)別于婚姻的事實模式。通過對于各種立法模式和相關法律內(nèi)容及立法緣由的利弊分析得知,區(qū)別于婚姻的事實模式及其在異性同居關系成立、效力與終止等方面的制度內(nèi)容對我國具有較強的借鑒意義。 在比較分析的基礎上,結合我國的具體國情、制度背景以及立法價值,論文為我國異性同居立法的建構提出一些淺薄的思考和建議。主要包括異性同居立法應遵循的原則、宜采用的模式以及具體制度的設計三個部分。首先,我國異性同居立法應遵循的原則包括尊重當事人意思自治原則、區(qū)別對待原則與保護子女最大利益原則；其次,在我國異性同居立法模式的選擇上,區(qū)別于婚姻的事實模式為主、輔以備案模式是適合我國法律文化傳統(tǒng)與同居發(fā)展狀況的最佳選擇；最后,論文在確定了立法原則與立法模式的基礎上,為我國異性同居法律關系的具體內(nèi)容,即成立要求、法律效力以及終止事由等具體規(guī)則內(nèi)容分別提出了相應的建議。 論文通過對我國的現(xiàn)實狀況、法律背景以及國外的異性同居立法制度進行考察與探討,將在我國具有相當規(guī)模的異性同居關系提升到法律的高度來予以調(diào)整,使其成為我國的一種類似婚姻但效力弱于婚姻的新型家庭生活模式,從而在維持婚姻主導地位的同時,也尊重了異性同居客觀事實以及人們對于多元化生活方式的追求,推動我國婚姻家庭立法體系的完善,并對我國民法體系的最終形成有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Cohabitation relationship refers to the two single men and women with a strictly full civil capacity, in the case of marriage registration, voluntary stable living together. In real life, cohabitation people is very wide, there are young people "try marriage cohabitation, middle-aged divorce cohabitation and the elderly" travel together endowment "cohabitation and marriage cohabitation. The facts of cohabitation has the following characteristics, the first is the two single men and women shall be subject to strict with full capacity for civil conduct; secondly is the subjective shall be voluntary marriage and cohabitation; again is living together with continuous stability; finally not to open for elements, and not in the name of husband asrequired. Cohabitation is morally neutral position and can be adjusted through the legal basis of legitimacy, i.e. The essence of life is the opposite concepts of heterosexual cohabitation, factual marriage and illegal cohabitation, which are different in terms of subjective conditions, subjective wishes, objective performance and legal consequences.
At present, our choice of cohabitation life population scale is known, and is more common in the age distribution, change the reasons including idea, promoting economic development and the improvement of science and technology. In our country specific cohabitation legislation is flawed, the lack of adjustment for heterosexual cohabitation the relationship between the system of norms not only at the macro level, and specifically to the existing legal rules also simple. In contrast, some foreign countries as early as the end of the twentieth Century has formed a relatively complete legal system of cohabitation, cohabitation will become a new family form similar marriage has gradually become the development trend in the world. Foreign cohabitation legal system from the legislative mode to the content of the system, not only to learn from our experience, there are warning lessons. Among them, the legislative model Type includes the equivalent to marriage registration mode, equivalent to the fact that the marriage mode, different from marriage registration mode as well as distinguished from the fact marriage mode. Through the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of various legislative mode and relevant legal contents and legislative reasons that is different from the fact marriage mode and established in the cohabitation relationship, content system effectiveness and termination and has a strong reference to our country.
On the basis of comparative analysis, combined with China's specific national conditions, institutional background and legislative value, paper put forward some superficial thoughts and suggestions on construction of our cohabitation legislation. Including cohabitation legislation should follow the principles, the three part design should adopt the model and the concrete system. First of all, China cohabitation legislation should follow the principles including respect for the principle of party autonomy, the principle of distinction and protection of the principle of the best interests of children; secondly, in the legislative mode of cohabitation choice in China, mainly about the real mode different from marriage, with the record mode is the best choice for China's traditional legal culture and the development situation of cohabitation; finally, the paper on the basis of legislative principles and legislative mode, for the specific content of the legal relationship of specific cohabitation in our country, namely the establishment of requirements, legal effect and end The relevant suggestions are put forward in the specific rules and so on.
The reality of our country, to investigate and explore the legal background and foreign cohabitation legislation system, will have a considerable scale of cohabitation relationship to be adjusted to the height of the law in our country, make it become our country a similar but weaker than the effect of marriage marriage of new family life mode at the same time to maintain the dominant position in marriage and cohabitation, respect the objective facts and people's pursuit for diversification of life style, promote the improvement of marriage and family legislation system in China, the ultimate form of our civil law system and benefit.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.9

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