本文選題：未成年人　切入點(diǎn)：財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：未成年人是社會上一類特殊的群體,他們由于年齡和精神智力的限制,被認(rèn)定為無或限制民事行為能力人,但是其享有財(cái)產(chǎn)的能力應(yīng)不受任何形式的和條件的限制,其享有財(cái)產(chǎn)的能力應(yīng)當(dāng)成人化。雖然他們生活在一個密切的親情倫理相聯(lián)系的組織里---家庭。他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍,也因“一榮俱榮,一損俱損”的組織被受到了限制。但是其財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍仍然是以未成年人自有的為主,其次是與父母共有,而且共有的情況也應(yīng)受到不同情況的限制,并且最終的歸屬權(quán)仍應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于為原未成年人所有人。我國并沒有從法條中規(guī)定直接規(guī)定,哪些財(cái)產(chǎn)屬于未成年人所有,那些財(cái)產(chǎn)不屬于未成年人,只是可以從整個法律體系中,大概推測出有限的幾種。但這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足復(fù)雜的社會現(xiàn)實(shí),也不能為解決相關(guān)法律糾紛,提供判決上的依據(jù)。因此我們必須制定出,以保護(hù)未成年人和家庭和諧的法律條文,以實(shí)現(xiàn)“有法可依”的完整法律規(guī)范。因此本文主要從以下幾個部分闡述未成年人的財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍。本文主要分為以下五個部分,分別從不同的角度論證了未成年人應(yīng)當(dāng)享有財(cái)產(chǎn)的范圍。第一部分,介紹了財(cái)產(chǎn)的定義,家事財(cái)產(chǎn)的分類以及有關(guān)未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)的發(fā)展歷史。從中西方相對比的角度來看,比較不同的歷史背景下,家事財(cái)產(chǎn)的演變,它會發(fā)展和孕育出不同的關(guān)于未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)保護(hù)制度。第二部分,從我國的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況出發(fā),分析目前財(cái)產(chǎn)范文立法上和未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)保護(hù)上存在哪些不足,是在什么背景下和歷史環(huán)境下制定的,雖然符合當(dāng)時暫時的社會實(shí)踐,但是隨著時代的變化,我們的法律必須符合現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要,解決實(shí)際問題,就不得不制定新的全面的規(guī)定,筆者在梳理目前財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍及保障的現(xiàn)狀,分析存在的問題,以及需要完善的地方。第三部分,主要介紹了當(dāng)前域外法,尤其是大陸法系的國家對未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍的界定,以及提出保護(hù)未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)制度,重點(diǎn)提出以我國臺灣地區(qū),法國民法典中規(guī)定的財(cái)產(chǎn)分類。講未成年人的財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍界定為特有財(cái)產(chǎn)和特有財(cái)產(chǎn)以外的財(cái)產(chǎn),以及其他特殊形式的財(cái)產(chǎn)類型。財(cái)產(chǎn)分類的是為如何保護(hù)未成年人合法財(cái)產(chǎn)利益而做的前提性規(guī)定。域外法中有些規(guī)定了如何才能更好的保護(hù)未成年人合法權(quán)益,有建立家庭法院,國家監(jiān)督、親權(quán)、保佐等制度來限制監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán),對未成年人的財(cái)產(chǎn)全方位的保護(hù)。從比較法的角度來看,不同背景下產(chǎn)生的法律。站在我國實(shí)際情況,探究那些有價(jià)值的規(guī)定和法理值得我國大陸借鑒。以便更好的構(gòu)建和完善我國的未成年財(cái)產(chǎn)的保護(hù)制度。第四部分,從構(gòu)建我國的立法角度思考問題,未成年人的財(cái)產(chǎn)固然存在問題,若不能提出一個更好的方式解決目前的實(shí)踐的問題,以取代過去不完善的規(guī)定,那么本文將變得毫無意義。因此本文從歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律等不同的角度論證了本文的觀點(diǎn)。未成年人享有財(cái)產(chǎn)能力成人化,在家庭特定的背景下,為維護(hù)家庭倫理和家庭的和諧,在特定情形、特定的時間下將財(cái)產(chǎn)讓渡給自己的父母,若特定的時間結(jié)束,未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)及依其財(cái)產(chǎn)所轉(zhuǎn)化的財(cái)產(chǎn)或者財(cái)產(chǎn)所產(chǎn)生的孳息,應(yīng)當(dāng)歸還原所有權(quán)人—-未成年人所有。不僅保護(hù)了未成年人,同時也維護(hù)了家庭的秩序。在監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)上,必須限制監(jiān)護(hù)人權(quán)利,本文提出建立一些相關(guān)的制度,首先是在未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)分類的基礎(chǔ)上,對不同的財(cái)產(chǎn)監(jiān)護(hù)人的權(quán)力有所不同,另再設(shè)立親屬會議和家庭法院制度,對監(jiān)護(hù)人或者其他親權(quán)人的行為監(jiān)督,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)我國《婚姻法》中的保護(hù)未成年人合法利益,保護(hù)弱者的合法權(quán)益。第五部分,是本文的結(jié)語。再次總結(jié)本文的觀點(diǎn),作為文章的收尾。
[Abstract]:Minors are a special social group, because of their age and mental limitations, was identified as no or limited capacity for civil conduct, but the ability to enjoy the property shall not be subject to any form of constraints and conditions, the ability to enjoy the property should be adult. Although they lived in a contact a close family ethics organization --- family. Their property, but also because of a prosperity, a loss for "organization is limited. But the property is still owned by the minor, followed by a total with the parents, and the common situation should also be subject to different constraints, and attribution the final power should still belong to the original minor all. Our country has not stipulated directly from the provisions of law, which belongs to the property of minors, the property does not belong to minors, but From the entire legal system, presumably a few. But it can not meet the complex social reality, can not solve the related legal disputes and provide decision basis. So we must develop, to the protection of minors and the harmony of the family law, to achieve "complete legal norms of law" this article mainly from the following part of minor property. This paper is mainly divided into five parts, respectively from the different angle of minors shall enjoy the scope of the property. The first part introduces the definition of property, property and classification of family history on minors from property. Compared with Western perspective, different historical background, the evolution of family property, it will develop and produce different on the protection of minor property system. The two part, starting from the reality of our country, analyzes the present problems of property model legislation and property protection of minors, is formulated in the context of what history and environment, while the then temporary social practice, but with the changes of the times, our laws must conform to the practical needs, solve the actual problem, will have to develop new comprehensive provisions, the current situation in the scope of property and security analysis, analyzes the existing problems and need to be perfected. The third part mainly introduces the current foreign law, especially civil law countries to define the scope of the property of minors, and puts forward the protection of minors'property the system, put forward to China's Taiwan region, classification of property law in civil code. The minor property is defined as property and property outside Property, and other special forms of property types. Property classification is the premise of the provisions made for how to protect minors legitimate property interests. Some foreign law provides protection to better the legitimate rights and interests of minors, the establishment of the family court, national supervision, paternity, curatorship and other system to limit the custody of the minor property of the full range of protection. From the perspective of comparative law, have different background laws. In the actual situation in our country, explore those valuable and worthy of legal provisions in China for reference. In order to construct and perfect our system of protection of minors' property. In the fourth part, problems thinking from the angle of legislation construction in our country, the minor property is problems, if not a better way to solve the practical problems, to replace the past imperfect provisions, Then this will become meaningless. Therefore this article from the historical, cultural, economic, legal and other different perspectives to demonstrate this point of view. Minors enjoy the property of adult family, in the specific context of the maintenance of family ethics and family harmony, in particular, the specific time will be delivered to their property parents, if the specific time is over, the property of minors and the transformation according to the property or property accrued, shall be returned to the original owner - all minors. Not only to protect the minors, but also to maintain the family order. In custody, must limit their rights, is proposed in this paper. The establishment of a number of related systems, the first is based on the property of minors on the classification of different acustodian power is different, and then set up another meeting relatives and family court system of supervision The supervision of the guardianship or other paternity persons really realizes the protection of the legitimate interests of the juveniles in the marriage law, and protects the legitimate rights and interests of the weak. The fifth part is the conclusion of this article.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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