本文選題：生育權(quán)　切入點：夫妻生育權(quán)沖突　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：基于男女雙方生理結(jié)構(gòu)的不同以及生育行為相互配合的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ),夫妻之間不可避免的會產(chǎn)生生育權(quán)沖突,如何妥善解決夫妻之間的生育權(quán)沖突不僅需要完善的理論知識作為參考,更需要相關(guān)的法律制度作為指導(dǎo)。然而在我國關(guān)于生育權(quán)的相關(guān)理論知識未成系統(tǒng),生育權(quán)沖突的界定存在或多或少的分歧,在司法實踐中也就沒有一個完整統(tǒng)一的法律依據(jù),從而出現(xiàn)同案不同判的情況。因而為促進(jìn)夫妻生育權(quán)沖突的解決,本文從理論法學(xué)和司法實踐的角度出發(fā)進(jìn)行撰寫。論文介紹了生育權(quán)的歷史沿革并綜合多家言論概括出了生育權(quán)概念,明確了生育權(quán)是一項基本人權(quán),是一項憲法權(quán)利,屬于私權(quán)的范疇,重點分析了生育權(quán)是一項人格權(quán);在明確生育權(quán)性質(zhì)的前提下進(jìn)一步探討了夫妻生育權(quán)所具有的身份屬性、依附性和不對等性,并歸納了夫妻生育權(quán)的具體內(nèi)容即夫妻生育決定權(quán)、夫妻生育知情權(quán)、夫妻生育保障權(quán)。為了使得夫妻生育權(quán)沖突與其他關(guān)于夫妻生育權(quán)的糾紛區(qū)分開來,本文對夫妻生育權(quán)沖突進(jìn)行了界定,剖析了夫妻生育權(quán)沖突的實質(zhì)即利益沖突與價值沖突,進(jìn)而將夫妻生育權(quán)沖突與生育侵權(quán)問題進(jìn)行了對比,明確生育權(quán)沖突是合法權(quán)利的行使的結(jié)果,而侵犯生育權(quán)是侵權(quán)行為;在明確夫妻生育權(quán)沖突的基礎(chǔ)上剖析了引起夫妻生育權(quán)的主觀原因和客觀原因,進(jìn)而結(jié)合典型案例分析了懷孕前的生育權(quán)沖突和懷孕后的生育權(quán)沖突類型,以及特殊類型中的由遺腹子引發(fā)的法理與情理的沖突和配偶一方為死刑犯引發(fā)的夫妻生育權(quán)沖突問題。為了找出我國關(guān)于夫妻生育權(quán)沖突解決的問題,并從國外立法和司法實踐中尋求借鑒,筆者分析了我國關(guān)于夫妻生育權(quán)沖突的立法現(xiàn)狀,以及司法實踐中存在的問題,通過介紹國外英美法系與大陸法系在解決夫妻生育權(quán)沖突上的司法判例以及法律規(guī)定,從中分析出對我國有借鑒意義的地方,包括英國規(guī)定孕前胚胎歸夫妻雙方所有,協(xié)商一致才可植入子宮、懷孕后賦予妻子墮胎決定權(quán)以及墨西哥的生育協(xié)議制度。在夫妻生育權(quán)沖突的解決方面筆者首先提出解決沖突應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的平等原則、善意行使原則及利益衡量原則;其次在確立生育協(xié)議制度上提出了自己的構(gòu)想,包括生育協(xié)議的締結(jié),生育協(xié)議的內(nèi)容和效力,違反生育協(xié)議應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任這三個方面;最后提出了具體的立法建議與司法建議。
[Abstract]:Based on the differences in physiological structure between men and women and the biological basis for the coordination of reproductive behavior, couples inevitably have a conflict of reproductive rights. How to properly resolve the conflict between husband and wife needs not only perfect theoretical knowledge as reference, but also relevant legal system as guidance. However, in our country, the relevant theoretical knowledge on reproductive rights is not systematic. There are more or less differences in the definition of the conflict of reproductive right, and there is no complete and unified legal basis in judicial practice, which leads to different judgments in the same case. Therefore, in order to promote the resolution of the conflict of reproductive rights of husband and wife, This paper is written from the angle of theoretical jurisprudence and judicial practice. The paper introduces the historical evolution of reproductive right and summarizes the concept of reproductive right by synthesizing many opinions, and clarifies that reproductive right is a basic human right and a constitutional right. Belonging to the category of private rights, this paper focuses on the analysis of reproductive right as a personal right, and further discusses the identity, dependence and non-reciprocity of husband and wife's reproductive right on the premise of defining the nature of reproductive right. And summarized the specific content of husband and wife reproductive rights, namely, the right to decide the husband and wife's fertility, the right to know about the couple's birth, the right of the husband and wife's reproductive security. In order to make the conflict between the couple's reproductive right and other disputes about the couple's reproductive right, This paper defines the conflict of husband and wife's reproductive right, analyzes the essence of the conflict of husband and wife's reproductive right, namely the conflict of interest and value, and then compares the conflict of husband and wife's reproductive right with the issue of reproductive infringement. It is clear that the conflict of reproductive rights is the result of the exercise of legal rights, and the violation of reproductive rights is an act of infringement, and on the basis of clarifying the conflict of marital reproductive rights, this paper analyzes the subjective and objective reasons that cause couples' reproductive rights. Then, combining with typical cases, this paper analyzes the types of conflict of reproductive right before pregnancy and after pregnancy. As well as the conflicts between legal theory and reason caused by the bereavement in the special types, and the conflicts of the couple's reproductive rights caused by the death penalty by one of the spouses, in order to find out the problem of resolving the conflict of the husband and wife's reproductive rights in our country, And from the foreign legislation and judicial practice to seek reference, the author analyzes the current situation of legislation on the right of husband and wife reproductive rights conflict, as well as the problems in judicial practice. By introducing the judicial precedents and legal provisions of the Anglo-American law system and the continental law system in resolving the conflict between husband and wife's reproductive rights, the author analyzes the points of reference to our country, including the British stipulation that the pre-pregnancy embryo is owned by the husband and wife. It is only by consensus that the uterus can be implanted. After pregnancy, the wife is given the right to decide on abortion and Mexico's fertility agreement system. In the aspect of resolving the conflict of couple's reproductive rights, the author first puts forward the principle of equality that should be followed in resolving the conflict. Secondly, the author puts forward his own conception in establishing the birth agreement system, including the conclusion of the birth agreement, the content and effect of the birth agreement, and the responsibility of violating the birth agreement. Finally, specific legislative and judicial suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.9

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