日常家事代理權(quán)及其制度建構(gòu)
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 日常家事代理制度 日常家事范圍 夫妻共同債務(wù) 出處:《中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院》2017年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:日常家事代理制度,是指配偶一方處理日常家庭事務(wù)與第三人為一定民事法律行為,雙方互相為代理人,享有代理權(quán),共同負(fù)擔(dān)債務(wù)清償責(zé)任的制度。該制度源自于古羅馬的家事委任制度,后來伴隨著時代的演進(jìn),世界許多國家或地區(qū),紛紛確立了這一制度。我國自新中國建立以來,受多方面因素的影響,目前仍然未系統(tǒng)地設(shè)立該項(xiàng)法律制度。雖然我國立法有所欠缺,但學(xué)術(shù)界一直關(guān)注著日常家事代理制度,對于在今后立法中確立這一制度已達(dá)成共識。日常家事范圍的認(rèn)定,直接影響到配偶個人債務(wù)或共同債務(wù)的認(rèn)定,日常家事范圍的認(rèn)定是共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定規(guī)則的前提。因此,在確定日常家事范圍時,一方面要參考借鑒國外的立法,同時也要符合我國當(dāng)前的國情。本文從保護(hù)交易安全和理順?biāo)痉▽?shí)務(wù)中共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定規(guī)則的視角研究這項(xiàng)代理制度,全面分析了日常家事的范圍,并且提出了關(guān)于確立我國日常家事范圍的立法建議:日常家事是指為了給家庭成員提供基本的生存、保健和娛樂、發(fā)展需要而進(jìn)行的事務(wù)。夫或妻能夠有權(quán)單獨(dú)處置的日常家事包括如下:(1)家庭成員在衣食住行方面的必要花銷;(2)家庭成員關(guān)于醫(yī)療、醫(yī)藥等維持身體健康方面的必要花銷;(3)家庭成員關(guān)于日常娛樂、體育鍛煉方面的必要花銷;(4)子女教育、個人發(fā)展及贍養(yǎng)老人方面的基本花銷;(5)因家庭基本社交需求饋贈親朋好友低數(shù)額財產(chǎn)或接受他人贈與等;(6)其他應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于日常家事的事項(xiàng)。因處理下列事項(xiàng)時,配偶一方需征求對方的許可:(1)處置標(biāo)的額較大的動產(chǎn)或不動產(chǎn);(2)具有人身專屬性質(zhì)的事務(wù);(3)非因夫妻共同生活需要的舉債;(4)明顯超出家庭日常開支的大額購買;(5)風(fēng)險較大的家庭財產(chǎn)投資行為;(6)其他應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于重大家事的事項(xiàng)。同時,本文針對當(dāng)前我國夫妻個人或共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定難的現(xiàn)象,提出了新的配偶債務(wù)認(rèn)定規(guī)則:配偶一方以自己單獨(dú)的名義或共同的名義處理日常家事所承擔(dān)的債務(wù),屬于夫妻共同債務(wù)。超越日常家庭事務(wù)范圍所承擔(dān)的債務(wù),屬于夫或妻一方的個人債務(wù),非舉債方配偶不負(fù)擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任;但債權(quán)人有理由認(rèn)為該意思表示為配偶雙方共同做出的,應(yīng)認(rèn)定為共同債務(wù),非舉債方配偶不能以不知情為理由對抗善意第三人。正值民法典親屬編編纂之際,我國的立法者應(yīng)該把日常家事代理制度寫入親屬編中,并對該制度加以進(jìn)一步的完善,使其能夠真正的發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。
[Abstract]:The daily family affairs agency system means that one spouse handles daily family affairs and the third party is a certain civil legal act, and both sides act as agents and enjoy the right of agency, This system originated from the family appointment system in ancient Rome. Later, with the evolution of the times, many countries or regions in the world established this system one after another. Under the influence of many factors, the legal system has not been set up systematically. Although the legislation of our country is lacking, the academic circles have been paying close attention to the daily family agency system. A consensus has been reached on the establishment of this system in future legislation. The determination of the scope of daily household matters directly affects the identification of personal debts or joint debts of spouses, and the determination of the scope of daily household matters is the premise of the rules for the determination of common debts. In determining the scope of daily household affairs, we should, on the one hand, refer to foreign legislation and at the same time conform to the current situation of our country. This paper studies this agency system from the perspective of protecting transaction security and straightening out the rules of common debt recognition in judicial practice. This paper analyzes the scope of daily family affairs and puts forward some legislative suggestions on establishing the scope of daily family affairs in our country: daily household affairs are meant to provide basic survival, health care and recreation for family members. The daily household matters for which a husband or wife has the right to deal with alone include the following: 1) the necessary expenses of family members in the area of food, clothing, housing and transportation) and (2) the medical care of family members, Essential expenses for the maintenance of physical health such as medicine (3) the necessary expenses of family members for daily recreation and physical exercise (4) the education of their children, Basic expenses for personal development and maintenance of the elderly. (5) for the basic social needs of the family, giving to friends and relatives a low amount of property or receiving gifts from others, etc.) other matters that should be part of daily family affairs. When dealing with the following matters, One spouse shall seek permission from the other party: (1) disposition of the larger amount of movable or immovable property (2) matters of a personal nature (3) debts not due to the common needs of the couple (4) large purchases that are obviously in excess of the household's daily expenses (/ / 5 / 2 / _ _ _. Other matters that should belong to major family affairs. At the same time, In view of the current phenomenon that it is difficult for husband and wife to identify their personal or common debts, this paper puts forward a new rule of spouse debt recognition: one spouse deals with the debts of daily household affairs in his or her own name or in the same name. It belongs to the joint debt of husband and wife. The debts undertaken beyond the scope of daily family affairs belong to the personal debts of one of the husband or wife, and the spouse of the non-borrower does not bear joint and several liabilities; However, the creditor has reason to believe that the expression of this intention is made jointly by the spouses and shall be regarded as a joint debt, and the spouse of the non-borrower cannot confront a bona fide third person on the grounds of ignorance... while the civil code is being compiled by relatives, The legislator of our country should write the daily family agency system into the relative book, and further improve the system so that it can really play its due role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:D923.9
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