本文關(guān)鍵詞： 夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定 夫妻贈(zèng)與 法律適用 立法完善　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：不動(dòng)產(chǎn)在婚姻家庭領(lǐng)域中意義重大,一方面它幾乎是所有婚姻賴以存在的必需品,是家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的代表,承載著家庭中每個(gè)人安全感和歸屬感。隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,無論一二線城市還是三線甚至四線城市,房?jī)r(jià)的持續(xù)攀升使得不動(dòng)產(chǎn)逐漸成為大多數(shù)家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)中價(jià)值比重最高的財(cái)產(chǎn),這必然引起夫妻間約定不動(dòng)產(chǎn)份額和所有權(quán)的現(xiàn)象愈發(fā)普遍。由于原有法律制度的不完善和新增司法解釋的不周延,導(dǎo)致實(shí)務(wù)中處理關(guān)于夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定糾時(shí),相似的案件因法官法律適用的不同造成不同的裁判結(jié)果。研究夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的性質(zhì)和法律適用問題,對(duì)夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)歸屬問題完善建議,有助于司法審判實(shí)踐走向統(tǒng)一化,增加法律的社會(huì)認(rèn)同度,更有助于厘清婚姻立法的價(jià)值取向,平衡個(gè)體利益與家庭利益。本文通過分析實(shí)踐中夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的案例,通過對(duì)夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定性質(zhì)的探討,得出區(qū)分夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定和夫妻間贈(zèng)與行為的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不僅找出了夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定問題法律適用混亂的原因,而且對(duì)夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的法律適用提出了建議。本文的“夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定”與“夫妻約定財(cái)產(chǎn)制”是同一概念,為了與“夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定”相對(duì)應(yīng)而表述為“夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定”。圍繞著提出問題、分析問題及解決問題的思路,本文主要由五個(gè)部分組成:第一部分,筆者通過對(duì)兩個(gè)案例的對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)在夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的糾紛中存在著同案不同判的現(xiàn)象。筆者認(rèn)為原因是“夫妻贈(zèng)與”的提出,導(dǎo)致實(shí)務(wù)界對(duì)夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定性質(zhì)和法律適用產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議,同時(shí)筆者認(rèn)為以不動(dòng)產(chǎn)份額為劃分夫妻贈(zèng)與和夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也不恰當(dāng),解決以上問題首先要確定夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的性質(zhì)。第二部分,筆者分析了夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的特點(diǎn),對(duì)夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的法律沿革進(jìn)行介紹,為下文探究夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的性質(zhì)作鋪墊。第三部分,筆者在對(duì)夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定性質(zhì)的討論后,得出了以下結(jié)論:將夫妻之間對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)歸屬進(jìn)行約定的行為可以成立贈(zèng)與合同,但是將其定性夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定更有普遍意義。夫妻贈(zèng)與和夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定的劃分應(yīng)遵從約定雙方的本意。第四部分,筆者討論了為什么實(shí)務(wù)中往往將夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定定性為贈(zèng)與合同,約定非經(jīng)履行不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)手續(xù)就可以依據(jù)《合同法》撤銷的原因。原因一是認(rèn)為夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定是財(cái)產(chǎn)行為應(yīng)由《物權(quán)法》和《合同法》調(diào)整,二是認(rèn)為《婚姻法》應(yīng)該和《物權(quán)法》在夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定問題上適用同一物權(quán)調(diào)整規(guī)則。筆者對(duì)以上觀點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行駁斥,得出夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定屬于身份財(cái)產(chǎn)行為,應(yīng)受《婚姻法》調(diào)整,不必履行物權(quán)變動(dòng)的手續(xù)。第五部分,筆者結(jié)合外國(guó)先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),確立了解決夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的價(jià)值取向,提出了區(qū)分不同類型的夫妻不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但是由于現(xiàn)實(shí)中探求夫妻訂立目的難度極大,機(jī)械運(yùn)用認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可能導(dǎo)致不合理的結(jié)果出現(xiàn)。所以筆者分別從完善夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制約定相關(guān)立法,協(xié)調(diào)《物權(quán)法》和《婚姻法》在不動(dòng)產(chǎn)約定法律問題的適用,運(yùn)用法官自由裁量權(quán)三個(gè)角度對(duì)我國(guó)解決此類問題提出了完善方法。以期更好的解決此類問題,維護(hù)法律的公平正義。
[Abstract]:Real estate in the field of marriage and family in great significance, on the one hand it is almost a necessity for the existence of all marriages, is representative of the family economic foundation, carrying each family security and a sense of belonging. With the development of economy Chinese, whether a second city or three line and four line City, prices continued to rise. The real estate has gradually become the property value of most of the family property in the highest proportion, this will inevitably lead to marital property agreement and share ownership becomes more and more common. Due to the imperfect legal system and the new judicial interpretation of the incomplete, resulting in the practice of processing on the real estate contract disputes couple, similar cases the results caused by different due to the different law application. Research on marital real estate contract nature and legal application, couple real estate ownership of perfect construction You contribute to the judicial practice to unify the law, increase the degree of social recognition, more help to clarify the value orientation of marriage legislation, balance the interests of the individual and the interests of the family. The couple analysis of the practice of real estate contract case, the couple set about real estate properties that distinguish between husband and wife. The agreed property system between husband and wife and donative behavior standards, not only to identify the couple real estate agreed the reason for the chaos of the applicable law, and the couple real proposed property. The law stipulated "marital property restriction" and "marital property system" is the same concept, in order to "husband and wife the real estate contract" should be expressed as "relative marital property agreement." around the problem, analysis of the problems and the way to solve the problems, this paper mainly consists of five parts: the first part, the author through to the 涓や釜妗堜緥鐨勫姣，

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