我國商業(yè)銀行信貸風險的法律防范研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-19 07:39
【摘要】：商業(yè)銀行是經(jīng)營貨幣這一特殊商品的企業(yè)，可以算得上是舉債經(jīng)營。存貸利息之差是商業(yè)銀行收入的主要來源，信用制度是商業(yè)銀行的根本制度。上個世紀的東南亞危機以及早幾年發(fā)生金融危機都是由信貸危機引起的，因此商業(yè)銀行的信貸風險管理顯得尤為重要，尤其在當今世界經(jīng)濟一體化的形勢下，對信貸風險的防范與控制要特別重視，否則全球的金融穩(wěn)定都會受到影響。然而，目前我國國企舉債過多，加上大量外資銀行在我國的金融市場涌現(xiàn)出來，我國商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營環(huán)境面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，競爭空前的激烈，許多商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)居高不下，不利于我國國民經(jīng)濟的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。 目前我國實行的是分業(yè)經(jīng)營的模式，即銀行、證券、保險三個行業(yè)分開經(jīng)營管理，這是避免風險的一個經(jīng)營模式。在這種經(jīng)營模式下，商業(yè)銀行大部分的資產(chǎn)是貸款，因此信貸風險十分集中，如何防范和控制金融風險成為了我國商業(yè)銀行管理的核心任務。 本文的第一章緒論部分,主要闡述了研究背景和意義、國內(nèi)外研究綜述和研究方法；第二章研究了我國商業(yè)銀行信貸風險的表現(xiàn)特點及法律防范意義，理清商業(yè)銀行信貸風險的種類，因為信貸風險是一個集合的概念，其表現(xiàn)出來的特別也是多樣化的，同時提出運用法律手段防范和化解信貸風險的意義。第三章分析了我國目前商業(yè)銀行信貸風險防范的法律缺陷，主要包括銀行貸款業(yè)務監(jiān)管的法律缺陷，包括制度安排不合理，組織機構不健全,信貸監(jiān)管立法落后；分業(yè)經(jīng)營的法律缺陷；國有、股份制商業(yè)銀行治理結構的法律缺陷；法律保障機制的缺陷，主要從《合同法》、《擔保法》、《民法通則》以及利率和準備金制度等方面的缺陷進行論述。第四章提出防范我國商業(yè)銀行信貸風險的法律對策，首先要加強銀行信貸資產(chǎn)風險的監(jiān)管，要加強銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管，不斷提高信貸風險監(jiān)管水平，建立和健全存款保險制度和最后貸款人制度，要加強監(jiān)管機構合作以適應金融混業(yè)經(jīng)營；其次要完善國有商業(yè)銀行和股份制商業(yè)銀行的治理結構；接著，，完善商業(yè)銀行信貸制度，要對審批，授信和內(nèi)部審計等方面的制度進行完善；最后完善法律保障機制，建立健全防控貸款風險的法律體系并改善法制環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Commercial banks are enterprises that operate currency as a special commodity, which can be regarded as borrowing. The difference of deposit and loan interest is the main source of commercial bank income, and the credit system is the fundamental system of commercial bank. The Southeast Asian crisis in the last century and the financial crisis in the early years were all caused by the credit crisis, so the credit risk management of commercial banks is particularly important, especially under the situation of world economic integration. Special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of credit risk, otherwise the global financial stability will be affected. However, at present, the state-owned enterprises in our country borrow too much, coupled with the emergence of a large number of foreign banks in the financial market of our country, the operating environment of the commercial banks in our country is facing great challenges and the competition is unprecedented fierce. Many commercial banks have high non-performing assets, which is not conducive to the stable development of our national economy. At present, our country implements the mode of separate operation, that is, bank, securities and insurance three industries operate and manage separately, which is a management mode to avoid risk. Under this management mode, most of the assets of commercial banks are loans, so the credit risk is very concentrated, how to prevent and control financial risks has become the core task of commercial bank management in our country. The first chapter of this paper is the introduction, which mainly expounds the research background and significance, the research review and research methods at home and abroad. The second chapter studies the performance characteristics and legal preventive significance of credit risk of commercial banks in China, and clarifies the types of credit risk of commercial banks, because credit risk is a collective concept, and its performance is especially diversified. At the same time, the significance of using legal means to prevent and resolve credit risk is put forward. The third chapter analyzes the legal defects of credit risk prevention of commercial banks in our country, including the legal defects of bank loan business supervision, including unreasonable institutional arrangement, imperfect organization and backward credit supervision legislation. The legal defects of separate operation, the legal defects of the governance structure of state-owned and joint-stock commercial banks; The defects of legal guarantee mechanism are mainly discussed from the aspects of contract Law, guarantee Law, General principles of Civil Law and interest rate and Reserve system. The fourth chapter puts forward the legal countermeasures to prevent the credit risk of commercial banks in our country. First of all, we should strengthen the supervision and control of bank credit assets, strengthen the supervision of banking industry, and constantly improve the level of credit risk supervision. In order to establish and improve the deposit insurance system and the lender of last resort system, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation of regulatory institutions to adapt to the mixed operation of finance. Secondly, it is necessary to improve the governance structure of state-owned commercial banks and joint-stock commercial banks. Then, to improve the credit system of commercial banks, we should perfect the system of examination and approval, credit and internal audit. Finally, improve the legal protection mechanism, establish and improve the legal system of preventing and controlling loan risk and improve the legal environment.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.281
本文編號：2480524
[Abstract]:Commercial banks are enterprises that operate currency as a special commodity, which can be regarded as borrowing. The difference of deposit and loan interest is the main source of commercial bank income, and the credit system is the fundamental system of commercial bank. The Southeast Asian crisis in the last century and the financial crisis in the early years were all caused by the credit crisis, so the credit risk management of commercial banks is particularly important, especially under the situation of world economic integration. Special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of credit risk, otherwise the global financial stability will be affected. However, at present, the state-owned enterprises in our country borrow too much, coupled with the emergence of a large number of foreign banks in the financial market of our country, the operating environment of the commercial banks in our country is facing great challenges and the competition is unprecedented fierce. Many commercial banks have high non-performing assets, which is not conducive to the stable development of our national economy. At present, our country implements the mode of separate operation, that is, bank, securities and insurance three industries operate and manage separately, which is a management mode to avoid risk. Under this management mode, most of the assets of commercial banks are loans, so the credit risk is very concentrated, how to prevent and control financial risks has become the core task of commercial bank management in our country. The first chapter of this paper is the introduction, which mainly expounds the research background and significance, the research review and research methods at home and abroad. The second chapter studies the performance characteristics and legal preventive significance of credit risk of commercial banks in China, and clarifies the types of credit risk of commercial banks, because credit risk is a collective concept, and its performance is especially diversified. At the same time, the significance of using legal means to prevent and resolve credit risk is put forward. The third chapter analyzes the legal defects of credit risk prevention of commercial banks in our country, including the legal defects of bank loan business supervision, including unreasonable institutional arrangement, imperfect organization and backward credit supervision legislation. The legal defects of separate operation, the legal defects of the governance structure of state-owned and joint-stock commercial banks; The defects of legal guarantee mechanism are mainly discussed from the aspects of contract Law, guarantee Law, General principles of Civil Law and interest rate and Reserve system. The fourth chapter puts forward the legal countermeasures to prevent the credit risk of commercial banks in our country. First of all, we should strengthen the supervision and control of bank credit assets, strengthen the supervision of banking industry, and constantly improve the level of credit risk supervision. In order to establish and improve the deposit insurance system and the lender of last resort system, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation of regulatory institutions to adapt to the mixed operation of finance. Secondly, it is necessary to improve the governance structure of state-owned commercial banks and joint-stock commercial banks. Then, to improve the credit system of commercial banks, we should perfect the system of examination and approval, credit and internal audit. Finally, improve the legal protection mechanism, establish and improve the legal system of preventing and controlling loan risk and improve the legal environment.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.281
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