【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量不斷增長(zhǎng)，路況日益復(fù)雜，交通日益擁擠，交通事故隨之增加，因此越來(lái)越多的車主選擇購(gòu)買商業(yè)車險(xiǎn)。車輛定損是機(jī)動(dòng)車輛理賠程序中非常關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。車輛定損，是保險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)事故車輛的現(xiàn)存價(jià)值和修理項(xiàng)目、方式及費(fèi)用等做出評(píng)估和鑒定，并基于此保險(xiǎn)人決定賠償金額的行為。實(shí)務(wù)由于定損權(quán)歸屬不明導(dǎo)致當(dāng)事人爭(zhēng)議頻發(fā)，因此解決此類問題實(shí)屬必要。本文除引言外，正文共分五章。第一章是對(duì)兩個(gè)典型案例的案情介紹，，案例一是被保險(xiǎn)人未與保險(xiǎn)公司協(xié)商徑行維修或評(píng)估的情況；案例二是保險(xiǎn)公司定損后被保險(xiǎn)人認(rèn)為定損金額偏低而自行委托評(píng)估或維修、保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠的情況。第二章主要是案件的爭(zhēng)議和焦點(diǎn)分析，爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)是保險(xiǎn)當(dāng)事人如何選擇保險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)，產(chǎn)生這一糾紛的根本原因在于保險(xiǎn)當(dāng)事人對(duì)于各自在保險(xiǎn)理賠定損中的權(quán)利義務(wù)還處于“剪不清理還亂”的混亂當(dāng)中。另外，定損機(jī)構(gòu)做出相互矛盾的評(píng)估報(bào)告時(shí)當(dāng)事人各執(zhí)一詞，互不認(rèn)可。究竟如何決定理賠依據(jù)，是解決問題的難點(diǎn)之處。第三是文章的核心和重點(diǎn)，將全面分析案件中存在的法律關(guān)系，一方面，文章從保險(xiǎn)合同法的角度，全面剖析保險(xiǎn)理賠程序中的雙方權(quán)利義務(wù)，進(jìn)而理清雙方如何選擇定損機(jī)構(gòu)這個(gè)問題，這也是本文的一個(gè)特色，因?yàn)楹苌儆欣碚撗芯吭敿?xì)探討理賠過程中的保險(xiǎn)當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù)；另一方面，從保險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)的角度，對(duì)不同類型的定損機(jī)構(gòu)做了分析，嘗試著引入第三方保險(xiǎn)公估機(jī)構(gòu)定損的制度。第四章，首先本文將本著平衡保護(hù)保險(xiǎn)合同雙方權(quán)利的角度，給出關(guān)于案件的審理意見。其次本文將針對(duì)目前車輛理賠過程中定損糾紛居高不下的問題提出立法建議和制度完善，體現(xiàn)了本文對(duì)實(shí)務(wù)中問題的看法，從三個(gè)角度展開：（一）保險(xiǎn)合同當(dāng)事人方面，規(guī)范車險(xiǎn)合同格式條款的解釋說(shuō)明義務(wù)、明確協(xié)商確定評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)的原則，對(duì)于彌補(bǔ)相應(yīng)的法律上的空白、解決保賠雙方糾紛提供了一個(gè)可行的途徑；（二）保險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)方面，有必要修改現(xiàn)保險(xiǎn)法第五章，明確其保險(xiǎn)中介機(jī)構(gòu)的法律地位，并將其作為保險(xiǎn)理賠的第三方評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)，這也是本文的制度創(chuàng)新之處；（三）保險(xiǎn)消費(fèi)者方面，提高投保人或被保險(xiǎn)人的法律意識(shí)，培養(yǎng)他們對(duì)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的全面、理性認(rèn)識(shí)。而指定修理廠險(xiǎn)附加險(xiǎn)的推廣可以滿足投保人專業(yè)維修點(diǎn)維修的需要。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of motor vehicles in our country, the road conditions are becoming more and more complex, traffic is increasingly crowded, and traffic accidents are increasing, so more and more car owners choose to buy commercial car insurance. Vehicle damage determination is a very important link in the process of motor vehicle compensation settlement. Vehicle damage is an act in which the insurance evaluation institution evaluates and appraises the existing value, repair items, ways and costs of the accident vehicle, and determines the amount of compensation based on this insurer. Due to the unclear attribution of the right of damages, the disputes of the parties are frequent, so it is necessary to solve this kind of problems. In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the case of two typical cases, the first case is the insured did not negotiate with the insurance company to repair or assess the situation; The second case is the insurance company after the insured thinks the fixed loss amount is on the low side and entrusts the assessment or the maintenance on its own, the insurance company refuses to compensate. The second chapter is mainly about the dispute and focus analysis of the case. The focus of the dispute is how the insurance parties choose the insurance evaluation institution. The fundamental reason for this dispute is that the rights and obligations of the insurance parties in the insurance claim settlement are still in the confusion of "clean-up or disorderly". In addition, the decision-making agency makes conflicting assessment reports when the parties adhere to each other, do not agree with each other. How to decide the basis of claim settlement is the difficult point to solve the problem. The third is the core and focus of the article, which will comprehensively analyze the legal relationship existing in the case. On the one hand, the article comprehensively analyzes the rights and obligations of both parties in the insurance claims settlement procedure from the perspective of the insurance contract law. This is also a characteristic of this paper, because there are few theoretical studies on the rights and obligations of the insurance parties in the process of settlement of claims; On the other hand, from the point of view of insurance evaluation institution, this paper analyzes the different types of loss determination mechanism, and tries to introduce the third-party insurance evaluation institution loss determination system. In the fourth chapter, this paper first of all, in the light of the balance of the protection of the rights of both sides of the insurance contract, gives the opinions on the trial of the case. Secondly, this paper will put forward legislative suggestions and perfect system in view of the problem of high loss dispute in the process of vehicle claims settlement, which reflects the view of this article on the problems in practice, starting from three angles: (1) the parties to insurance contracts, the parties to the insurance contract, and the parties to the insurance contract. Standardizing the obligation of explanation and explanation of the form clauses of automobile insurance contract and clearly determining the principle of evaluation organization through consultation provide a feasible way to fill the corresponding legal gap and solve the dispute between the two sides of insurance and indemnity. (2) in the aspect of insurance evaluation institution, it is necessary to amend the fifth chapter of the current insurance law to clarify the legal status of its insurance intermediary, and to regard it as a third-party evaluation institution for insurance claims, which is also the institutional innovation of this article; (3) in the aspect of insurance consumers, raise the legal consciousness of the insured or insured and cultivate their comprehensive and rational understanding of the insurance market. The promotion of additional risks of designated repair plant insurance can meet the needs of professional maintenance points for policy holders.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284

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