【摘要】：情勢(shì)變更原則是合同法的重要原則之一,其確立與發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過程,如今絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家都已經(jīng)普遍承認(rèn)這一原則,我國(guó)也通過司法解釋正式對(duì)其承認(rèn)。在實(shí)際生活中,情勢(shì)變更原則的準(zhǔn)確適用必須具備適用條件,只有掌握其適用條件,才能避免法官無(wú)形中擴(kuò)大適用范圍,限制其自由裁量權(quán)的擴(kuò)張。本文著重點(diǎn)在于研究情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件中的顯失公平要件,如果在具備其他要件的情況下,并不具備顯失公平要件,此時(shí)就不能適用情勢(shì)變更原則。顯失公平要件是情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件的核心要件,因此有必要對(duì)顯失公平要件進(jìn)行全面考察和論述,并籍以通過與顯失公平的民事行為中的“顯失公平”進(jìn)行初步對(duì)比分析,加上實(shí)務(wù)中的案例適用來(lái)分析進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)證實(shí),希望確立顯失公平要件在情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件中的重要地位,但目前關(guān)于如何認(rèn)定顯失公平,理論界沒有達(dá)成統(tǒng)一意見,這還需要進(jìn)一步的加強(qiáng)研究與探討。如果能夠規(guī)定出顯失公平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將能夠使情勢(shì)變更原則的適用更準(zhǔn)確和有效。 本文除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,分為四章。 第一章是作為情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件的顯失公平要件的概說(shuō)。本章介紹對(duì)情勢(shì)變更的概念、情勢(shì)變更原則的內(nèi)容,通過法學(xué)界對(duì)于情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件的研究,從中得出顯失公平要件都包含于其中的結(jié)論。論述顯失公平要件的內(nèi)容以及其與其他要件的關(guān)系,對(duì)其存在的合理性進(jìn)行了個(gè)人闡述。 第二章是歸納法律文件中的情勢(shì)變更原則對(duì)顯失公平要件的態(tài)度。本章主要是從大陸法系國(guó)家與地區(qū)法律、國(guó)際文件以及我國(guó)法律文件等三方面法律規(guī)定的態(tài)度來(lái)進(jìn)行考察,其中有的是直接提到“顯失公平”,有的需要通過解讀才能得到“顯失公平”包含在內(nèi)的結(jié)果。不管如何,這些法律文件中對(duì)顯失公平的態(tài)度都是一致的,即都承認(rèn)顯失公平要件是適用條件之一。 第三章是關(guān)于情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件的顯失公平要件的法理研究。本章將作為情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件的顯失公平要件的“顯失公平”與顯失公平的民事行為中的“顯失公平”進(jìn)行初步比較,說(shuō)明兩者的顯失公平是適用不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,不能互相混淆。在通過法學(xué)界對(duì)顯失公平要件內(nèi)容的研究的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者對(duì)其進(jìn)行了個(gè)人評(píng)價(jià)并在結(jié)尾部分提出了自己關(guān)于認(rèn)定顯失公平要件的觀點(diǎn)。 第四章是對(duì)情勢(shì)變更原則適用條件的顯失公平要件的適用以案例形式加以佐證其核心地位。本章主要通過兩個(gè)不同案例展開分析：一個(gè)是既符合其他要件,也符合顯失公平要件正確適用情勢(shì)變更原則的案例；一個(gè)是雖符合其他要件,但不符合顯失公平要件,法院錯(cuò)誤裁判的案例。主要采取對(duì)案件事實(shí)、法院判決和筆者對(duì)案例采用個(gè)人的認(rèn)定顯失公平標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法進(jìn)行評(píng)析,以此來(lái)凸顯顯失公平要件的重要性。
[Abstract]:The principle of change of circumstances is one of the important principles of contract law, and its establishment and development has gone through a long process. Nowadays, most countries have generally recognized this principle, and our country has formally recognized it through judicial interpretation. In actual life, the accurate application of the principle of change of circumstances must have the applicable conditions. Only by mastering the applicable conditions, can the judge invisibly expand the scope of application and limit the expansion of his discretion. The emphasis of this paper is to study the explicit and unfair elements in the applicable conditions of the principle of change of circumstances. If there are other elements in the case of not having the elements of explicit inequity, the principle of change of circumstances cannot be applied at this time. Explicit and unfair elements are the core elements of the applicable conditions of the principle of change of circumstances. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive investigation and discussion on the elements of explicit and unfairness, and to make a preliminary comparative analysis with the "explicit and unfair" in civil acts. In addition, the case application in practice is analyzed to strengthen the verification, hoping to establish the important position of explicit unfair elements in the application conditions of the principle of change of circumstances. However, at present, there is no unified opinion on how to determine the explicit inequity. This also needs to further strengthen the research and discussion. The application of the principle of circumstance change will be more accurate and effective if the criterion of apparent inequity can be defined. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a summary of the inequitable elements as the applicable conditions of the principle of change of circumstances. This chapter introduces the concept of the change of circumstances and the content of the principle of change of circumstances. Through the study of the applicable conditions of the principle of change of circumstances in the field of law, the author draws the conclusion that the elements of explicit inequity are contained in it. This paper discusses the content of explicit unfair elements and the relationship between them and other elements, and expounds the rationality of their existence. The second chapter summarizes the attitude of the principle of change of circumstances in legal documents. This chapter is mainly from the continental law system countries and regions of the law, international documents and China's legal documents and other aspects of the attitude of the three legal provisions, some of which directly referred to "manifestly unfair," Some need to be interpreted in order to get the results included in "explicit inequity". In any case, these legal documents have the same attitude towards explicit inequity, that is, they all admit that explicit inequity is one of the applicable conditions. The third chapter is a legal study on the application conditions of the principle of change of circumstances. This chapter makes a preliminary comparison between "explicit and unfair" and "explicit and unfair" in civil acts, which are the applicable conditions of the principle of change of circumstances, and shows that the explicit and unfair of both are applicable to different standards. We should not confuse each other. On the basis of the research on the content of explicit and unfair elements in the field of law, the author makes a personal evaluation of it and puts forward his own views on the identification of explicit and unfair elements at the end of this paper. The fourth chapter is the application of the inequitable elements of the principle of change of circumstances to prove its core position in the form of cases. This chapter mainly through the analysis of two different cases: one is not only in line with other elements, but also in line with the explicit unfair elements of the correct application of the principle of change of circumstances; One is the case of court misjudgment, although it conforms to the other elements, but it does not accord with the condition of manifestly unfair. This paper mainly adopts the analysis of the facts of the case, the judgment of the court and the author's evaluation of the standard method of the personal cognizance of the inequity, in order to highlight the importance of the elements of the obvious and the inequitable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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