【摘要】：房屋是人們賴(lài)以生存和發(fā)展的基石。隨著我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)改革日益加深,房產(chǎn)交易呈現(xiàn)爆炸式增長(zhǎng),特別是隨著近年來(lái)房產(chǎn)價(jià)格的日益攀升,一房多賣(mài)現(xiàn)象也屢見(jiàn)不鮮,這不僅嚴(yán)重破壞了房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)正常的交易秩序,而且損害了廣大消費(fèi)者的利益。由于受大陸法系的影響,我國(guó)民事法律對(duì)物權(quán)和債權(quán)進(jìn)行了區(qū)分,并形成了物權(quán)法和債權(quán)法兩個(gè)體系,二者共同構(gòu)成了財(cái)產(chǎn)法體系的支柱。房屋作為重要的不動(dòng)產(chǎn),其買(mǎi)賣(mài)必然涉及到財(cái)產(chǎn)的流轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)系和所有權(quán)歸屬,因此,房屋買(mǎi)賣(mài)不單純是合同法問(wèn)題,也不單純是物權(quán)法問(wèn)題,需要兩者共同來(lái)規(guī)范和約束。因房屋買(mǎi)賣(mài)要經(jīng)歷合同行為和物權(quán)行為兩個(gè)行為,因此,要想完全杜絕二重買(mǎi)賣(mài)的出現(xiàn)幾乎很難,問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的二重買(mǎi)賣(mài)如何進(jìn)行法律規(guī)制,包括確定不同合同的效力、救濟(jì)權(quán)利人、確定所有權(quán)的歸屬等一系列問(wèn)題,處理好這些問(wèn)題,不僅保護(hù)了合法權(quán)益,而且對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)交易的失信行為也會(huì)起到遏制作用。對(duì)房屋二重買(mǎi)賣(mài)的規(guī)制手段主要通過(guò)物權(quán)法和債權(quán)法兩個(gè)途徑,債權(quán)法側(cè)重于經(jīng)濟(jì)性補(bǔ)償,物權(quán)法側(cè)重于預(yù)防,而從我國(guó)的有關(guān)規(guī)定來(lái)看,并沒(méi)有成形的物權(quán)法救濟(jì),主要以一種經(jīng)濟(jì)性的補(bǔ)償來(lái)懲罰失信者,保障權(quán)利人利益。我國(guó)《物權(quán)法》的施行,雖然提出了一些帶有物權(quán)性質(zhì)的制度,比如預(yù)告登記制度,來(lái)治理二重買(mǎi)賣(mài),但很多地區(qū)并沒(méi)很好的執(zhí)行,甚至有些地方的行政部門(mén)不受理此項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)；由于相關(guān)司法解釋并未出臺(tái),法院在處理房屋二重買(mǎi)賣(mài)時(shí)適用法律也不統(tǒng)一,同案不同判問(wèn)題突出等等,這都影響了對(duì)房屋二重買(mǎi)賣(mài)的規(guī)制效果。對(duì)于完善規(guī)制措施,應(yīng)當(dāng)借鑒國(guó)外的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),開(kāi)辟物權(quán)救濟(jì)途徑,探索賦予房屋二重買(mǎi)賣(mài)特定情況下以物權(quán)性,加大對(duì)權(quán)利人的救濟(jì)力度,從根本上解決實(shí)踐中遇到的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Housing is the cornerstone of people's survival and development. With the development of market economy in our country, the real estate market reform is deepening day by day, the real estate transaction presents the explosive growth, especially with the real estate price rising day by day in recent years, the phenomenon of one house selling more often also is common. This not only seriously damaged the real estate market normal trading order, but also damaged the interests of consumers. Because of the influence of the civil law system, the civil law of our country distinguishes the real right from the creditor's right, and forms two systems of the property law and the creditor's right law, which together constitute the pillar of the property law system. As an important real estate, the sale and purchase of house must involve the circulation relation and ownership of property. Therefore, the purchase and sale of house is not only a question of contract law, nor is it simply a matter of property law, which needs to be regulated and restricted by both. Because the purchase and sale of houses have to go through two acts: contract act and real right act, it is almost difficult to completely eliminate the appearance of double sale. The key problem lies in how to regulate the double sale that has already appeared. Including the determination of the effectiveness of different contracts, relief to the obligee, determine the ownership of a series of issues, deal with these problems, not only to protect the legitimate rights and interests, but also to the real estate market transactions will play a deterrent role in the act of discredit. The regulation means of dual purchase and sale of houses are mainly through the two ways of property law and creditor's right law, the creditor's right law emphasizes on economic compensation, the real right law emphasizes on prevention, but according to the relevant regulations of our country, there is no formative remedy of property law. Mainly to a kind of economic compensation to punish the breach of faith, to protect the interests of the obligee. The implementation of the Real right Law in China, although it has put forward some systems with the property right, such as the notice registration system, to govern the dual trading, but many areas have not been carried out well, and even some local administrative departments do not accept this business; Because the related judicial explanation has not been issued, the court also applies the law not to unify when dealing with the house double sale, the same case different judgment question prominent and so on, all this has affected to the housing dual sale regulation effect. In order to perfect the regulation measures, we should draw lessons from the successful experience of foreign countries, open up the way of real right relief, explore the nature of property right under the special circumstances of double purchase and sale of houses, increase the relief to the obligee, and solve the problems in practice fundamentally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923

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