【摘要】：利他合同作為合同相對(duì)性原則的例外，已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家確立為合同法中的一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的法律制度。其與普通合同最大的區(qū)別是，合同雙方可以互相約定，由一方向合同以外的第三方為給付，，而該第三方通過(guò)合同締約方的合意直接取得對(duì)于該項(xiàng)給付的請(qǐng)求權(quán)。因此，該第三方在利他合同中的地位以及所涉及到的法律問(wèn)題是研究利他合同的最關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。 本文正文分為五章： 第一章首先對(duì)利他合同的概念進(jìn)行分析，界定利他合同和廣義的利他合同、基礎(chǔ)合同和第三人利益約款的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系，以及利他合同涉及到的三方：受諾人、承諾人和第三人之間的法律關(guān)系。 第二章探討第三人地位的取得。這一章分兩個(gè)部分。第一部分分析第三人利益合同有效成立的條件。第二部分分析第三人取得權(quán)利的方式。這一章重點(diǎn)運(yùn)用比較法的視角探討了諸如合同意圖的判定、第三人是否需要具有權(quán)利能力及行為能力等問(wèn)題，并比較了各國(guó)關(guān)于第三人權(quán)利取得方式的不同制度之間的區(qū)別和優(yōu)劣。 第三章探討了第三人具體權(quán)利的內(nèi)容。包括屬于債權(quán)權(quán)能的給付請(qǐng)求權(quán)、受領(lǐng)給付的權(quán)利、處分權(quán)、救濟(jì)權(quán)；以及不屬于債權(quán)權(quán)能的免除權(quán)。 第四章探討了第三人的義務(wù)。這一章首先確定第三人在利他合同中可以負(fù)擔(dān)一些附帶性的義務(wù)，然后討論第三人可能負(fù)擔(dān)義務(wù)的情形，包括：第三人權(quán)利取得附延緩條件的義務(wù)、附隨義務(wù)及給付義務(wù)。 第五章探討了第三人和利他合同的履行障礙問(wèn)題。這一章以合同履行障礙的不同情形進(jìn)行展開(kāi)，重點(diǎn)分析了第三人對(duì)受諾人及承諾人行使撤銷權(quán)和解除權(quán)的限制，以及當(dāng)合同不成立、無(wú)效和被撤銷時(shí)，第三人不當(dāng)?shù)美姆颠�問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:As an exception to the principle of relativity of contract, altruistic contract has been established as an independent legal system in contract law in most modern countries. The biggest difference between the contract and the ordinary contract is that the parties to the contract may agree to each other and pay by a third party other than the party to the contract, and the third party directly acquires the right of claim for the payment of the contract through the agreement of the contracting party. Therefore, the position of the third party in the altruistic contract and the legal issues involved are the most important issues in the study of altruistic contract. The text of this paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter analyzes the concept of altruistic contract, defines the difference and connection between altruistic contract and broad altruistic contract, basic contract and third party benefit contract. And the three parties involved in the altruistic contract: the legal relationship between the promisee, the promise and the third party. The second chapter discusses the status of the third party. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part analyzes the conditions for the effective establishment of the third party interest contract. The second part analyzes the way in which the third party acquires the right. This chapter focuses on using the perspective of comparative law to explore issues such as the determination of contract intent, whether the third party needs to have the right capacity and the capacity to act, and so on. It also compares the differences and advantages between different systems about the way of obtaining the third party's rights. The third chapter discusses the content of the third party's specific right. It includes the right of claim, the right of receiving payment, the right of disposition, the right of relief, and the right of exemption from the power of creditor's rights. The fourth chapter discusses the obligations of the third party. This chapter first determines that the third party can bear some incidental obligations in the altruistic contract, and then discusses the circumstances in which the third party may bear the obligation, including the obligation of the third party to acquire the right to obtain a stay, the collateral obligation and the obligation to pay. Chapter five discusses the obstacle of the third party and altruistic contract. This chapter focuses on the third party's restriction on the right of rescission and rescission by the third party, and when the contract is not established, invalidated and cancelled, this chapter is based on the different situations of the obstacle to the performance of the contract, and analyzes the limitation of the third party on the exercise of the right of rescission and rescission of the contract. The return of the third party to improper enrichment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D913

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