現(xiàn)代契約理念下的消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 15:55
【摘要】：消費(fèi)者問題是伴隨著商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的。在現(xiàn)代商品經(jīng)濟(jì)下，消費(fèi)者在經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、對(duì)信息的掌握能力以及自身的知識(shí)和技能等方面都與經(jīng)營者存在著很大的差異。這種差異直接導(dǎo)致了消費(fèi)者和經(jīng)營者地位上的不平等。由于交易主體地位上的不平等，經(jīng)營者在交易中處于支配地位，消費(fèi)者迫于現(xiàn)實(shí)的壓力不得不屈從于經(jīng)營者，任由經(jīng)營者訂立或修改交易的內(nèi)容。經(jīng)營者在利益的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，不可避免的會(huì)犧牲消費(fèi)者的權(quán)益來實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的利益。這樣，消費(fèi)者的契約自由受到了限制，交易的公平性將喪失。由于受歷史因素的影響，我國法上還存在著忽視消費(fèi)者契約自由的情形，導(dǎo)致法律在制定過程中對(duì)消費(fèi)者的保護(hù)不全面、不完善。例如《合同法》對(duì)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的規(guī)定過于概括和抽象，《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》又對(duì)于一些消費(fèi)者問題缺少相應(yīng)的規(guī)定，這些都不利于對(duì)消費(fèi)者的保護(hù)�，F(xiàn)代契約理念下對(duì)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的保護(hù)主要是指保護(hù)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)的意思表示，因?yàn)檎鎸?shí)的意思表示是實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者契約自由的具體表現(xiàn)。法律通過對(duì)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)意思表示的保護(hù)，可以避免經(jīng)營者根據(jù)其單方意思決定交易的內(nèi)容而忽視消費(fèi)者的利益�；谶@樣一個(gè)保護(hù)目的，我們應(yīng)完善契約法及消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法等相關(guān)法律的規(guī)定，保護(hù)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)的意思表示，實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者的契約自由，，維護(hù)其合法權(quán)益。 本文從四個(gè)部分來論述現(xiàn)代契約理念下的消費(fèi)者保護(hù)： 第一部分闡述了我國法上消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)的不足。主要從《合同法》和《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益》這兩部基本法方面進(jìn)行分析�！逗贤ā分幸愿袷綏l款的相關(guān)規(guī)定為例說明了《合同法》對(duì)消費(fèi)者的保護(hù)過于概括�！断M(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》中從消費(fèi)者的界定不明確、消費(fèi)者權(quán)利的外延過窄、新型消費(fèi)者合同缺乏規(guī)定以及消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)保護(hù)不到位四個(gè)方面說明了《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》的不完善之處 第二部分闡述了消費(fèi)者保護(hù)不足的法律根源即忽視消費(fèi)者的契約自由。契約自由從近代絕對(duì)契約自由理念發(fā)展到了現(xiàn)代對(duì)契約自由進(jìn)行一定的限制。但是，受歷史因素的影響，現(xiàn)代法律仍存在著忽視消費(fèi)者契約自由的情形。這些情形從根本上說是因?yàn)榻?jīng)營者和消費(fèi)者交易地位的不平等。經(jīng)營者在經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、對(duì)交易信息的知曉程度等方面都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的超過消費(fèi)者，從而導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者的契約自由被忽略，無法真實(shí)的表達(dá)自己內(nèi)心的意思。 第三部分提出了現(xiàn)代契約理念下對(duì)消費(fèi)者保護(hù)的基本思路，即保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的真實(shí)意思表示。文中主要從兩個(gè)部分進(jìn)行論述。首先論述了保護(hù)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)意思表示與實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者契約自由的關(guān)系。消費(fèi)者真實(shí)的意思表示是實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者契約自由的重要途徑，消費(fèi)者真實(shí)的表達(dá)自己內(nèi)在的意思是其行使契約自由的具體表現(xiàn)。因此，保護(hù)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)的意思表示也就是保護(hù)其契約自由。其次，論述了保護(hù)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)意思表示對(duì)經(jīng)營者的影響。保護(hù)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)意思表示是建立在消費(fèi)者的弱者地位基礎(chǔ)上，但不能損害經(jīng)營者的合法權(quán)益。對(duì)于經(jīng)營者能力范圍之外或者有不可抗力情形時(shí)，不能強(qiáng)迫經(jīng)營者犧牲自己的合法權(quán)益來實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者的利益。 第四部分根據(jù)上文保護(hù)消費(fèi)者真實(shí)意思表示的思路，并結(jié)合消費(fèi)者保護(hù)在我國法律上不足的具體表現(xiàn)，提出在《合同法》以及《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》中的相關(guān)制度完善。如細(xì)化格式條款的規(guī)定，建立強(qiáng)制締約制度以及冷卻期制度等。此外，對(duì)于新型的消費(fèi)者合同也應(yīng)該及時(shí)作出相關(guān)規(guī)定，以完善對(duì)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:The consumer problem is accompanied by the development of the commodity economy. In the modern commodity economy, the consumer is very different from the operator in the economic strength, the ability to grasp the information and its own knowledge and skills. This difference directly leads to the inequality in the status of the consumers and the operators. The unequal status in the position, the operator is in the dominant position in the transaction, the consumer is forced to bend to the operator under the pressure of reality, let the operator make or modify the content of the transaction. Under the interest of the operator, the operator will inevitably sacrifice the rights and interests of the consumer to realize its own interests. Due to restrictions, the fairness of the transaction will be lost. Due to the influence of historical factors, there is still a situation of neglecting the freedom of the consumer contract in China, which leads to the incomplete and imperfect protection of the consumer in the process of making the law. For example, the contract law is too general and abstract to the consumer rights and interests, < the consumer protection law > > The protection of consumers' rights and interests under the modern contract concept is mainly to protect the true meaning of the consumer, because the real meaning expression is the concrete expression of the realization of the consumer contract freedom. The law passes the true meaning of the consumer to the consumer. The protection of the expression can avoid the interests of the consumer according to the content of the transaction which is determined by its unilateral meaning. Based on such a protection, we should improve the provisions of relevant laws, such as the contract law and the law of the protection of the consumer rights and interests, protect the true meaning of the consumer, realize the freedom of the consumer, and safeguard its legitimacy. Rights and interests.
This article discusses the consumer protection under the modern contract idea from four parts:
The first part expounds the deficiency of the protection of the rights and interests of consumers in China's law. It mainly analyzes the two basic laws of the contract law and the rights and interests of the consumer. It is clear that the extension of the consumer's rights is too narrow, the new consumer contract is lacking and the protection of the consumer association is not in place in four aspects, which explains the imperfections of the law on the protection of consumer rights and interests.
The second part expounds the legal origin of the insufficient consumer protection, namely, the neglect of the consumer's freedom of contract. The freedom of contract has developed from the idea of modern absolute contract freedom to a certain limit to the freedom of contract. However, under the influence of historical factors, the modern law still has the situation of neglecting the freedom of the consumer contract. Basically, it is because of the unequal trading status of the operator and the consumer. The operator is far more than the consumer in the economic strength, the awareness of the transaction information and so on, which leads to the neglect of the consumer's freedom of contract and the inability to truly express the meaning of his own heart.
The third part puts forward the basic idea of consumer protection under the concept of modern contract, that is, to protect the real meaning of consumers. The article mainly discusses the relationship between the protection of the real meaning of consumers and the realization of the freedom of the consumer contract. The meaning of the consumer's true meaning is to realize the consumer contract. An important way of freedom is that the real expression of the meaning inherent in the consumer is the concrete expression of the freedom of the contract. Therefore, to protect the true meaning of the consumer is to protect the freedom of the contract. Secondly, it discusses the effect of protecting the true meaning of the consumer to the operator. On the basis of the status of the weak person of the consumer, it can not damage the legitimate rights and interests of the operator. In the case of the ability of the operator or the circumstances of force majeure, the operator can not force the operator to sacrifice his own legitimate rights and interests to realize the interests of the consumer.
The fourth part, based on the idea of protecting the true meaning of the consumer, and combining with the specific performance of the consumer protection in China's law, puts forward the perfection of the related systems in the contract law and the law of the protection of the rights and interests of consumers, such as the provision of detailed format clauses, the establishment of a system of strong contracting and the cooling period system, etc. In order to improve the protection of consumers'rights and interests, relevant provisions should be made in time for the new consumer contracts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.8;D923.6
本文編號(hào)：2141883
[Abstract]:The consumer problem is accompanied by the development of the commodity economy. In the modern commodity economy, the consumer is very different from the operator in the economic strength, the ability to grasp the information and its own knowledge and skills. This difference directly leads to the inequality in the status of the consumers and the operators. The unequal status in the position, the operator is in the dominant position in the transaction, the consumer is forced to bend to the operator under the pressure of reality, let the operator make or modify the content of the transaction. Under the interest of the operator, the operator will inevitably sacrifice the rights and interests of the consumer to realize its own interests. Due to restrictions, the fairness of the transaction will be lost. Due to the influence of historical factors, there is still a situation of neglecting the freedom of the consumer contract in China, which leads to the incomplete and imperfect protection of the consumer in the process of making the law. For example, the contract law is too general and abstract to the consumer rights and interests, < the consumer protection law > > The protection of consumers' rights and interests under the modern contract concept is mainly to protect the true meaning of the consumer, because the real meaning expression is the concrete expression of the realization of the consumer contract freedom. The law passes the true meaning of the consumer to the consumer. The protection of the expression can avoid the interests of the consumer according to the content of the transaction which is determined by its unilateral meaning. Based on such a protection, we should improve the provisions of relevant laws, such as the contract law and the law of the protection of the consumer rights and interests, protect the true meaning of the consumer, realize the freedom of the consumer, and safeguard its legitimacy. Rights and interests.
This article discusses the consumer protection under the modern contract idea from four parts:
The first part expounds the deficiency of the protection of the rights and interests of consumers in China's law. It mainly analyzes the two basic laws of the contract law and the rights and interests of the consumer. It is clear that the extension of the consumer's rights is too narrow, the new consumer contract is lacking and the protection of the consumer association is not in place in four aspects, which explains the imperfections of the law on the protection of consumer rights and interests.
The second part expounds the legal origin of the insufficient consumer protection, namely, the neglect of the consumer's freedom of contract. The freedom of contract has developed from the idea of modern absolute contract freedom to a certain limit to the freedom of contract. However, under the influence of historical factors, the modern law still has the situation of neglecting the freedom of the consumer contract. Basically, it is because of the unequal trading status of the operator and the consumer. The operator is far more than the consumer in the economic strength, the awareness of the transaction information and so on, which leads to the neglect of the consumer's freedom of contract and the inability to truly express the meaning of his own heart.
The third part puts forward the basic idea of consumer protection under the concept of modern contract, that is, to protect the real meaning of consumers. The article mainly discusses the relationship between the protection of the real meaning of consumers and the realization of the freedom of the consumer contract. The meaning of the consumer's true meaning is to realize the consumer contract. An important way of freedom is that the real expression of the meaning inherent in the consumer is the concrete expression of the freedom of the contract. Therefore, to protect the true meaning of the consumer is to protect the freedom of the contract. Secondly, it discusses the effect of protecting the true meaning of the consumer to the operator. On the basis of the status of the weak person of the consumer, it can not damage the legitimate rights and interests of the operator. In the case of the ability of the operator or the circumstances of force majeure, the operator can not force the operator to sacrifice his own legitimate rights and interests to realize the interests of the consumer.
The fourth part, based on the idea of protecting the true meaning of the consumer, and combining with the specific performance of the consumer protection in China's law, puts forward the perfection of the related systems in the contract law and the law of the protection of the rights and interests of consumers, such as the provision of detailed format clauses, the establishment of a system of strong contracting and the cooling period system, etc. In order to improve the protection of consumers'rights and interests, relevant provisions should be made in time for the new consumer contracts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.8;D923.6
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