發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-20 03:02

  本文選題：第三人侵害債權(quán) + 理論基礎(chǔ)��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：第三人侵害債權(quán)制度是民法學(xué)界一直爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,究其原因在于該制度對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的民法理論產(chǎn)生了極大沖擊。從羅馬法開(kāi)始,傳統(tǒng)民法理論一直恪守債的相對(duì)性原則,否認(rèn)債權(quán)可以作為侵權(quán)行為的客體。這對(duì)于保障第三人的行為自由,促進(jìn)交易起到了重要的作用。但是,隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,人們之間自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的不斷加劇,第三人侵害債權(quán)的現(xiàn)象屢見(jiàn)不鮮,傳統(tǒng)債的相對(duì)性理論已經(jīng)無(wú)法解釋這種新生的法律現(xiàn)象,依靠原有的合同法和相關(guān)法律等救濟(jì)方式難以充分保障債權(quán)人的利益。然而,在現(xiàn)行法律制度下債權(quán)人沒(méi)有向第三人請(qǐng)求賠償損失的賠償請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ),我國(guó)在2009年頒布的《中華人民共和國(guó)侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中也沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定第三人侵害債權(quán)制度。這就導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)出現(xiàn)第三人侵害債權(quán)的情形時(shí),債權(quán)人只能依據(jù)合同的相對(duì)性向?qū)Ψ疆?dāng)事人請(qǐng)求賠償。當(dāng)對(duì)方當(dāng)事人無(wú)力償還時(shí),債權(quán)人不能向第三人請(qǐng)求法律賠償,這是因?yàn)閭鶛?quán)人對(duì)第三人沒(méi)有請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)。從世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)的民法理論來(lái)看,都不同程度的通過(guò)各種方式承認(rèn)或確立了該制度。雖然第三人侵害債權(quán)制度同我國(guó)當(dāng)前的民法理論體系有沖突的地方,但是其在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)生活中的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要是我國(guó)引入該制度的內(nèi)部動(dòng)力。我國(guó)在構(gòu)建第三人侵害債權(quán)制度時(shí),不能生搬硬套世界各國(guó)的做法,應(yīng)該結(jié)合我國(guó)法制實(shí)際,尋找到一個(gè)合適的平衡點(diǎn),在原有的法制體系中規(guī)定第三人侵害債權(quán)制度,適當(dāng)合理的擴(kuò)充侵權(quán)法的適用范圍,將債權(quán)囊括其中。這就要求我們對(duì)第三人侵害債權(quán)制度進(jìn)行比較研究,從而為我國(guó)建立第三人侵害債權(quán)制度提供理論支撐。 本文立足于我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的民法理論和實(shí)踐,以第三人侵害債權(quán)制度為研究對(duì)象,利用歷史分析方法和比較分析方法,主要從以下四個(gè)方面闡述第三人侵害債權(quán)制度： 第一部分是對(duì)第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的概述。主要分析第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的概念、歷史沿革以及價(jià)值。首先,運(yùn)用概念分析法分析世界各國(guó)對(duì)第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的概念。本文通過(guò)比較分析各個(gè)國(guó)家理論界對(duì)于第三人侵害債權(quán)制度概念的規(guī)定,從而總結(jié)出各國(guó)對(duì)該制度的共同點(diǎn),為我國(guó)構(gòu)建第三人侵害債權(quán)制度提供良好的借鑒。其次,對(duì)第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行研究。第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的理論基礎(chǔ)通說(shuō)認(rèn)為包括債的相對(duì)性理論的突破、債的不可侵犯性理論、公序良俗原則等,通過(guò)對(duì)這些理論的分析和把握為我國(guó)構(gòu)建第三人侵害債權(quán)制度提供理論支撐。 第二部分是對(duì)第三人侵害債權(quán)制度進(jìn)行比較法上的研究。運(yùn)用歷史分析法梳理第三人侵害債權(quán)制度在大陸法系和英美法系的歷史沿革�？v觀(guān)兩大法系對(duì)第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的態(tài)度都是經(jīng)歷了從否定到肯定的發(fā)展過(guò)程,通過(guò)長(zhǎng)久的理論研究和司法實(shí)踐,該制度在兩大法系也逐漸趨向于成熟。分析比較研究各國(guó)對(duì)該制度的成果對(duì)我國(guó)構(gòu)建第三人侵害債權(quán)制度具有良好的借鑒意義。 第三部分是主要研究第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的要件構(gòu)成和責(zé)任的承擔(dān)。構(gòu)成要件和責(zé)任承擔(dān)是一項(xiàng)制度建立的重要方面,因此本文在此部分著重分析第三人侵害債權(quán)的構(gòu)成要件、責(zé)任承擔(dān)和免責(zé)事由。 第四部分主要分析我國(guó)當(dāng)前第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的立法現(xiàn)狀和司法實(shí)踐當(dāng)中對(duì)于該制度的運(yùn)用,通過(guò)對(duì)這兩方面的分析研究得出我國(guó)現(xiàn)存法律體系下該制度存在的問(wèn)題。從問(wèn)題出發(fā),尋找解決該問(wèn)題的良好途徑,最后提出我國(guó)建立和完善第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的建議,以期有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The third party's infringement of the creditor's right system is the focus of the civil law field. The reason is that the system has a great impact on the traditional civil law theory. From the Rome law, the traditional civil law theory has scrupulously abides by the principle of the relative nature of the debt, and denies that the creditor's right can be the object of the tort. This will guarantee the freedom of behavior of the third party. The promotion of trade has played an important role. However, with the continuous development of the social economy and the increase of free competition among people, the phenomenon of Third People's infringement of creditor's rights is common. The theory of the relativity of traditional debt has not been able to explain the new legal phenomenon, and it is difficult to rely on the original contract law and relevant laws. The creditor's interests are guaranteed. However, under the current legal system, the creditor has not requested the right basis for the claim for compensation for the loss of the third party. In 2009, the tort liability law of the People's Republic of China, which was promulgated in China, has not clearly defined the infringement of the creditor's right system by the third party. This leads to the case of the infringement of the creditor's rights in the case of third persons. When the creditor can only claim compensation to the other party according to the relativity of the contract, the creditor can not claim the legal compensation to the third party when the other party is unable to pay it. This is because the creditor has no claim to the third party. From the civil law theory of the countries and regions of the world, all kinds of ways are recognized by various ways. Although the system of Third People's infringement of creditor's rights is in conflict with the current civil law system of our country, the actual needs of the third people in the economic and social life are the internal power of the introduction of the system in our country. In our country, when the three people of Gou Jiandi infringe on the system of creditor's rights, we should not be able to carry out a hard set of practices in the world, which should be combined with me. The legal system of the country is in search of a suitable balance point. In the original legal system, the third party infringes the creditor's right system, and the applicable scope of the tort law is properly expanded to include the creditor's rights. This requires us to make a comparative study on the system of the infringement of the creditor's rights by the third party, so as to establish the system of the infringement of the creditor's rights for the third party in our country. For theoretical support.
This article, based on the current theory and practice of civil law in China, takes the system of Third Party Infringement of creditor's rights as the research object, and uses historical analysis method and comparative analysis method to explain the system of third person's infringement of creditor's rights from the following four aspects.
The first part is an overview of the system of Third Party Infringement of creditor's rights. It mainly analyzes the concept, historical evolution and value of the third party's infringement of creditor's right system. First, the concept analysis method is used to analyze the concept of the third people's infringement of the creditor's right system in the world. This paper compares and analyzes the concept of the infringement of the creditor's right system by the theoretical circles of each country by the various countries. In order to sum up the common points of each country to the system and provide a good reference for the construction of the system of Third Party Infringement of creditor's rights in China. Secondly, the theoretical foundation of the system of the infringement of the creditor's right is studied. The theoretical foundation of the third party's infringement of the creditor's right system is that the theory of the relativity of the debt is considered to be a breakthrough and the inviolability of the debt. Theory, public order and good custom principles provide theoretical support for the construction of the third party infringing creditor's rights system by analyzing and grasping these theories.
The second part is the research on the comparative law of the third party's infringement of the creditor's right system. The historical analysis method is used to comb the historical evolution of the third people's infringement of the creditor's right system in the continental law system and the Anglo American law system. The attitude of the two legal systems to the third party's infringement of the creditor's right system has experienced the process from negative to affirmative, through a long term theory. On the research and judicial practice, the system is gradually becoming mature in the two legal systems. The analysis and comparison of the achievements of various countries on the system has a good reference for the construction of the system of infringing the creditor's rights in China by the construction of the third party.
The third part is the main study of the constitutive elements and responsibility of the third party infringement of the creditor's right system. The important aspects of the establishment of a system are the elements of the Constitution and the responsibility to bear. Therefore, this part focuses on the analysis of the constituent elements of the third party's infringement of the creditor's right, the responsibility and the disclaimer.
The fourth part mainly analyzes the current legislative status of the third party infringing creditor system in China and the application of the system in judicial practice. Through the analysis and study of these two aspects, we can find out the problems of the system under the existing legal system in our country. From the problems, we will find a good way to solve the problem, and finally put forward the establishment and the establishment of our country. The proposal to improve the third party's infringement of creditor's rights is expected to be beneficial.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：1912889