本文選題：無效合同 + 訴訟時效��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：合同無效所涉訴訟時效問題是司法實踐中較為常見的問題。但在《民法通則》、《合同法》兩部法律,以及最高人民法院最新出臺的有關(guān)民訴問題的規(guī)定中,都沒有對無效合同的確認、確認后產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)請求權(quán)是否應(yīng)該適用訴訟時效制度作出規(guī)定。并且無論是在理論界還是法律實務(wù)界對此問題爭議不斷,難以形成統(tǒng)一的觀點。正是因為我國缺少關(guān)于無效合同的訴訟時效問題的統(tǒng)一規(guī)定,導(dǎo)致司法實踐中出現(xiàn)同案不同判的尷尬情況。設(shè)立合同無效制度其最根本目的就是為了維護當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益、保護國家和社會的公共利益,從而實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定社會秩序,維護交易安全。如果不能科學(xué)、合理的解決好這類問題,勢必會影響司法審判的統(tǒng)一性、權(quán)威性,亦有礙于國家法律制度的完善。因此,為了更好地保護當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益,兼顧合同法自由、公平和效率的價值追求,對這一問題的分析探究是必要而迫切的。本文第一部分試從司法實踐的真實案例入手,通過對比兩個無效合同案例的判決結(jié)果,一個認定應(yīng)適用訴訟時效;一個認為一旦時效期間經(jīng)過,當(dāng)事人的訴訟請求法院將不予支持,進而引出無效合同對訴訟時效制度是否適用的問題。文章第二部分分析確認合同無效是否應(yīng)適用訴訟時效制度這一問題,通過對肯定說、否定說、以及折中說三種學(xué)說觀點的闡述、評析進而論證確認合同無效不應(yīng)適用訴訟時效制度。其原因主要從訴訟時效的客體、訴的類型、法的價值幾個角度進行分析。第三部分則是針對合同無效被確認后產(chǎn)生的財產(chǎn)返還請求權(quán)的訴訟時效問題。對于這個問題,財產(chǎn)應(yīng)區(qū)分有體物和無體物的,然后通過登記制度予以分類適用。首先,無體物返還請求權(quán)在性質(zhì)上屬于不當(dāng)?shù)美埱髾?quán),適用訴訟時效制度。其次,有體物方面,在登記所有權(quán)場合由于相對人對登記制度的公信公示效力的信賴,已登記的有體物返還請求權(quán)不適用訴訟時效制度較為合理;在未登記所有物返還請求權(quán)的場合,則應(yīng)適用訴訟時效制度,這樣既能更好的保護當(dāng)事人的利益又能維護法的價值。再者,關(guān)于財產(chǎn)返還請求權(quán)適用訴訟時效后,時效期間的起算點問題,學(xué)界存在合同訂立之日起算說、給付財產(chǎn)之日起算說等爭議學(xué)說。筆者認為其適用訴訟時效的起算點應(yīng)統(tǒng)一由司法機關(guān)確認合同無效之日起計算更為合理。文章的第四部分,則針對無效合同確認后所產(chǎn)生的損害賠償請求權(quán)的訴訟時效問題進行分析。損害賠償請求權(quán)在性質(zhì)上屬于債權(quán),適用訴訟時效制度。而在損害賠償請求權(quán)適用訴訟時效制度后其時效期間的起算點應(yīng)由司法機關(guān)確認合同無效之日起計算為準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:The limitation of action involved in invalidation of contract is a common problem in judicial practice. However, in the "General principles of Civil Law", the "contract Law" and the latest provisions of the Supreme people's Court concerning the issue of civil litigation, there is no confirmation of invalid contracts. Whether the relevant right of claim after confirmation should be regulated by the statute of limitations system. And it is difficult to form a unified point of view because of the constant controversy on this issue in both theoretical and legal circles. It is precisely because our country lacks the unified stipulation about the limitation of action of invalid contract, cause the awkward situation of different judgment of the same case in the judicial practice. The fundamental purpose of setting up the system of invalid contract is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, protect the public interests of the state and society, thus realize the stability of social order and safeguard the security of transactions. If this kind of problem can not be solved scientifically, it will inevitably affect the unity and authority of judicial trial, and also hinder the perfection of national legal system. Therefore, in order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and to give consideration to the value pursuit of freedom, fairness and efficiency of contract law, it is necessary and urgent to analyze and explore this issue. The first part of this article tries to start with the real cases in judicial practice, by comparing the judgment results of two invalid contract cases, one finds that the statute of limitations should be applied; the other thinks that once the limitation period has passed, The litigant's request will not be supported by the court, which leads to the question of whether the invalid contract is applicable to the statute of limitations system. The second part of the article analyzes whether the system of limitation of action should be applied to confirm the invalidity of a contract. The analysis further demonstrates that the system of limitation of action should not be applied to confirm the invalidity of the contract. The reasons are mainly analyzed from the object of limitation, the type of action and the value of law. The third part is about the limitation of the property restitution claim after the invalidity of the contract is confirmed. In this case, property should distinguish between physical and non-physical, and then be classified and applied through the registration system. First of all, the claim right of return of incorporeal objects belongs to the right of unjust enrichment in nature, and the system of limitation of action is applied. Secondly, on the aspect of body matter, due to the trust of the relative party to the public credit of the registration system, it is more reasonable that the registered claim right to return the body property is not applicable to the limitation of action system. In the case where the right of return of property is not registered, the system of limitation of action should be applied, which can better protect the interests of the parties and maintain the value of the law. Furthermore, as to the issue of the starting point of the limitation period after the application of the statute of limitations to the claim for the return of property, there are some controversial theories in academic circles, such as from the date of the conclusion of the contract and from the date of payment of the property. The author thinks that it is more reasonable to calculate the starting point of the limitation of action from the day when the judicial organ confirms the invalidity of the contract. In the fourth part, the author analyzes the limitation of damages caused by the confirmation of invalid contract. The right of claim for damages belongs to creditor's rights in nature, and the system of limitation of action is applied. The starting point of the limitation period after the application of the limitation system in the claim for damages shall be calculated from the date of the confirmation of invalidity of the contract by the judicial organ.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.6

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