本文選題：合同解除 + 溯及力　； 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為合同法領(lǐng)域的一項重要制度,合同解除制度一直是理論界和實務(wù)界的熱點話題,但大多將目光集中在合同解除原因的研究上,對合同解除的損害賠償問題關(guān)注較少。在司法實踐中,合同解除的損害賠償一直是頗具爭議的問題。雖然我國民法通則和合同法對如何處理合同解除與損害賠償?shù)年P(guān)系做出了規(guī)定,但對合同解除損害賠償?shù)男再|(zhì)和范圍卻沒有規(guī)定,最高法院也沒有相關(guān)司法解釋予以明確,以致理論界對此問題眾說紛紜,司法部門在處理具體案件時也往往莫衷一是,從而導(dǎo)致同案不同判現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,在一定程度上損害了司法權(quán)威。由于合同解除損害賠償直接關(guān)系到當事人的利益能否得到充分保護、合同解除制度的規(guī)范功能是否有效發(fā)揮,因此,研究合同解除損害賠償問題具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。按照合同法的規(guī)定,合同解除分為約定解除和法定解除兩類情況,由于在約定解除時,合同雙方一般會就賠償問題進行約定,因此爭議主要集中法定解除,而法定解除又包括因不可抗力的解除和因違約的解除兩種情形,不可抗力解除合同,因相對方并不存在過錯,一般也不存在賠償問題,所以在因合同一方違約解除合同時,損害賠償問題最為突出。因此本文以因違約導(dǎo)致的合同法定解除為研究對象。 目前規(guī)范合同解除后損害賠償范圍的主要有兩條：我國《合同法》第97條和最高人民法院做出的《關(guān)于當前形勢下審理民商合同糾紛案件若干問題的指導(dǎo)意見》(以下簡稱《意見》)其中第8條。 我國《合同法》第97規(guī)定：“合同解除后,尚未履行的,終止履行；已經(jīng)履行的,根據(jù)履行情況和合同性質(zhì),當事人可以要求恢復(fù)原狀、采取補救措施,并有權(quán)要求賠償損失�！痹摋l沒有明確當事人是否可以要求可得利益的賠償。 《意見》的第8條也只表明只對違約金條款不發(fā)生溯及力,是否對其他情形,如違約的損害賠償請求權(quán)、違約定金等同樣適用,尚有疑問。 合同法第97條的損失是否可包括可得利益?要分析合同解除后的損害范圍得首先分析解除的溯及力(案例為證),所以筆者該篇文章主要試著闡述我國合同法第97條的解除是否有溯及力,這是本文的問題點。 本文除去導(dǎo)論和結(jié)語一共有三個部分,第一部分是以案例的形式通過分析與總結(jié),把問題呈現(xiàn)出來,分析當前法院在審理違約解除合同這類案件時的觀點；第二部分首先分析影響賠償范圍的重要因素為合同解除的溯及力,然后在此基礎(chǔ)上分析溯及力的相關(guān)學說、各國的立法比較以及影響溯及力的因素,最后對比分析我國合同解除與其它國家的“解除”的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系,從而得出我國合同解除后損害賠償?shù)姆秶�；第三部分主要是分析損害賠償范圍的規(guī)則。下面將具體闡述。 第一部分主要是分析筆者從北大法寶上收集的60個案例,分析這60個案例中,賠償信賴利益和賠償可得利益的案例分別是多少,然后再分析原因。通過分析,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),在60個案例中,僅有5個案例賠償?shù)氖强傻美?僅占了1/12。筆者又繼續(xù)對賠償信賴利益的55個案例進行賠償理由分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)以下兩個問題：1.在這55個案例中,大多數(shù)法官沒有說明為什么不賠償可得利益；2.對溯及力的認識不同：在這55個賠償信賴利益的案例中,有10個法院認為合同解除有溯及力,自解除行為發(fā)生時起,當事人之間的合同關(guān)系即消滅,當事人應(yīng)回到如合同沒有訂立,與此同時,有3個法院認為合同解除沒有溯及力,解除行為發(fā)生以前已經(jīng)履行的,繼續(xù)有效,解除只是使合同向?qū)硐麥�。所以在違約解除合同的損害范圍中,解除的溯及力是重難點,筆者著重在第二部分探討。 第二部分包括三節(jié)。第一節(jié)主要分析為什么溯及力是影響合同解除損害賠償范圍的重要因素、溯及力的概念與主要學說和不同學說所對應(yīng)的損害賠償范圍。第二節(jié)對比大陸法系與英美法系各主要國家對溯及力的立法規(guī)定,在采用二元制的國家,區(qū)分合同的解除與終止并規(guī)定不同的溯及力,在采用一元制的國家,把合同解除分為有溯及力和沒有溯及力兩種,盡管從表面上看各國家的規(guī)定似乎不一樣,但其實他們都有一個共同點：區(qū)分合同的性質(zhì),一時性的合同解除有溯及力而繼續(xù)性合同解除(終止)沒有溯及力。第二節(jié)最后的兩個小節(jié)主要分析“解除”與“終止”和“一時性合同”與“繼續(xù)性合同”這兩對概念,也是大陸法系與英美法系在損害賠償范圍方面殊途同歸的解釋。第三節(jié)有四個小節(jié),前面兩個小節(jié)主要分析我國立法、司法以及理論界對解除的溯及力和合同法第97條規(guī)定的損害賠償?shù)恼J識,第三小節(jié)通過對比我國合同法中“解除”的適用范圍與其它國家的合同“解除”適用范圍,筆者得出我國合同法中的“解除”既包括對一時性合同的解除也包括繼續(xù)性合同的解除。所以,我國合同法中“解除”的溯及力也應(yīng)該區(qū)分：有溯及力的一時性合同解除和無溯及力的繼續(xù)性合同解除。 第三部分從合同的利益構(gòu)造、損害的特點以及賠償?shù)南拗迫齻�方面分析合同解除后損害賠償范圍的規(guī)則。解除后的損害賠償宗旨：讓非違約方得到完全賠償?shù)耐瑫r也要對賠償進行限制。
[Abstract]:As an important system in the field of contract law, the system of rescission of contract has always been a hot topic in the theoretical and practical circles, but most of them focus on the study of the reasons for the termination of the contract and pay less attention to the compensation for the damage of the contract. The general principles of civil law and the law of contract have made provisions on how to deal with the relationship between contract rescission and damages, but there is no provision for the nature and scope of the compensation for damages, and the Supreme Court has not been clear about the relevant judicial interpretations, so that the theorists have different opinions on this problem, and the judicial department also tends to deal with specific cases. As a result, the occurrence of different judgments in the same case, to a certain extent, has damaged the judicial authority to a certain extent. Because the compensation for the termination of the contract is directly related to the full protection of the interests of the parties, and whether the standard function of the contract dissolution system is effective, it is important to study the problem of compensation for the rescission of the contract. In accordance with the provisions of the contract law, the termination of the contract is divided into two kinds of circumstances: the termination of the contract and the legal termination of the contract. As the contract is relieved, the two parties generally agree on the issue of compensation, so the dispute mainly focuses on the legal termination, and the legal rescission includes two cases of the rescission of force majeure and the dissolution of breach of contract. The contract can be relieved by force of resistance, because the opposite party does not have fault and generally does not have the problem of compensation. Therefore, the problem of damages is most prominent when the contract is terminated by one party of the contract. Therefore, this article takes the legal termination of contract due to breach of contract as the object of study.
At present, there are two main articles of compensation for damages after the termination of the contract: the ninety-seventh articles of the contract law of China and the guiding opinions of the Supreme People's Court on several problems of the cases of civil and commercial contract disputes under the current situation (hereinafter referred to as < opinion >) Eighth.
China's "Contract Law > ninety-seventh" stipulates that, "after the termination of the contract, the performance of the contract has not been fulfilled and the performance of the contract is terminated; in accordance with the performance and the nature of the contract, the parties may request the restoration of the original form, take remedial measures, and have the right to claim damages." this article does not specify whether the parties can claim compensation for the benefits that may be obtained.
The eighth article of < opinion > also only indicates that it does not take place only to the breach gold clause. It is doubtful whether the other cases, such as the claim for damages for breach of contract, the defaulting deposit and so on, are equally applicable.
Whether the loss of the ninety-seventh article of the contract law can include the available interests? To analyze the scope of the damage after the termination of the contract, we should first analyze the retroactivity of the dissolution (case as evidence), so the author of this article tries to explain whether the release of the ninety-seventh articles of the contract law of our country has retroactive force, which is the point of this article.
This article has three parts except the introduction and conclusion. The first part is the analysis and summary of the case in the form of the case. The first part is to present the problems and analyze the views of the court in the case of breach of contract. In the second part, the first analysis of the important factors affecting the scope of compensation is the retroactivity of the rescission of the contract, and then in this basis On the basis of the analysis of the related theories of retroactivity, the legislative comparison of various countries and the factors affecting the retroactivity, the difference and connection between the rescission of contract and the "relieving" of other countries are compared and analyzed, and the scope of compensation for damages after the termination of the contract is obtained; the third part is mainly the analysis of the rules of the scope of damages. Body exposition.
The first part is to analyze the 60 cases collected from the North French treasure, and analyze the cases of the 60 cases, and then analyze the reasons. Through the analysis, the author finds that in the 60 cases, only 5 cases are compensation benefits, only the author of 1/12. continues to be right. 55 cases of compensation for the trust interest are analyzed for the reasons for compensation, and the following two questions are found: 1. in these 55 cases, the majority of the judges did not explain why the benefit was not reparable; 2. the difference in the understanding of the retroactivity was different: in the 55 cases of the trust interests of compensation, 10 courts considered the rescission of the contract to be retroactive and self terminated. In the event of the occurrence of the contract, the contractual relationship between the parties shall be eliminated, and the parties should return to the contract as if the contract has not been concluded. At the same time, there are 3 courts that believe that the rescission of the contract has not been retroactive, and that the termination of the act has been performed before, and that the termination of the contract is only to eliminate the contract in the future. Therefore, in the scope of the damage to the contract, the dissolution of the contract is lifted. The retroactivity is a heavy and difficult point. The author focuses on the second part.
The second part includes three sections. The first section mainly analyzes why retroactivity is an important factor affecting the scope of compensation for contract relief, the concept of retroactivity and the main theory and the scope of compensation for damage. The second section compares the legislative provisions of the mainland legal system and the main countries of the Anglo American legal system and the use of two yuan. The state of the system makes a distinction between the termination and termination of a contract and stipulates a different retroactivity. In the country adopting the one dollar system, the termination of the contract is divided into two kinds of retroactivity and no retroactivity. Although the stipulates of each country seem different on the surface, they all have a common point: to distinguish the nature of the contract and to dissolve the temporary contract. The last two sections of the second section mainly analyze the two concepts of "relieving" and "terminating" and "temporary contract" and "continuing contract". It is also an interpretation of the same way in the area of the damage compensation of the continental law system and the common law system. The third section has four sections. The first two sections mainly analyze our country's legislation, the judicial and the theoretical circles on the recognition of the retroactivity of the rescission and the ninety-seventh provisions of the contract law, the third section, by comparing the scope of the application of "relieving" in the contract law of our country and the scope of the "rescission" of the contract in other countries, concludes that the "rescission" of China's contract law is "relieved". It includes both the dissolution of the temporary contract and the termination of the continuing contract. Therefore, the retroactivity of the "rescission" in the contract law of our country should also be distinguished: the termination of the temporary contract with retroactive force and the continuation of the continuation of the contract without retroactivity.
The third part analyzes the rules of the scope of damages after the termination of the contract from three aspects of the structure of the interests of the contract, the characteristics of the damage and the limitation of the compensation. The purpose of the compensation for the damages after the termination is to allow the non defaulted party to get complete compensation and to limit the compensation.

【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.6

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 龔賽紅;;論民法典中的合同的解除與合同終止[J];北京化工大學學報(社會科學版);2006年04期

2 尹田;法國民法中合同解除的法律適用[J];法商研究(中南政法學院學報);1995年06期

3 梁慧星;中國合同法起草過程中的爭論點[J];法學;1996年02期

4 韓世遠;違約損害賠償序說[J];法制與社會發(fā)展;1998年05期

5 王艷;合同解除制度的比較分析——對我國合同解除制度的闡釋[J];社科縱橫;2004年03期

6 曾凡昌;;解除原因視角下的合同解除損害賠償范圍研究[J];西南政法大學學報;2011年02期

7 沈春女;;論合同解除的損害賠償[J];學術(shù)交流;2009年11期

8 王利明,姚輝;完善我國違約責任制度十論[J];中國社會科學;1995年04期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 張紅;繼續(xù)性合同終止制度研究[D];湖南大學;2011年

，

本文編號：1869116