本文選題：政府采購合同 + 行政合同�。� 參考：《吉林大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：政府采購制度是隨著經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展不斷建立和完善的一項制度，隨著此項制度的發(fā)展，政府采購合同出現(xiàn)的頻率越來越高，應用范圍越來越廣，深入影響著行政主體行政管理目標的實現(xiàn)，影響著行政相對人的各個方面的權益，同時影響著公共利益的實現(xiàn)。與此同時，學術界對于政府采購合同的關注日益加強，尤其是政府采購合同的性質(zhì)確定與救濟方式的選擇。 契約是經(jīng)常在私法中予以介紹和評說的一種法律手段，但是隨著行政法的不斷發(fā)展，契約亦已成為行政主體的一種重要的行政活動方式，行政領域的契約通常被稱為行政契約或者行政合同。行政合同是隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展、民主制度和福利國家的出現(xiàn)不斷發(fā)展起來的，其與民事合同存在訂立主體、訂立程序、雙方權利義務、目的以及救濟方式等層面的不同。對于政府采購合同，本文認為，政府采購合同是指采購人或者采購代理機構(gòu)使用財政性資金，遵循法定方式與供應商簽訂的以購買、租賃、委托、雇用等方式有償取得貨物、工程和服務的合同。在學術界，關于政府采購合同的性質(zhì)存在行政合同說、民事合同說以及混合性質(zhì)說，由于政府采購合同訂立主體一方的特定性、資金來源的公共性、合同目的的公益性、訂立程序的公開與嚴格性，決定了其與民事合同、行政合同相比都存在著一定的特殊性，因此本文根據(jù)政府采購合同的特征及我國法律的相關規(guī)定將其界定為是具有很強民事合同色彩的行政合同。 對于政府采購合同的救濟，在不同的國家和地區(qū)主要存在詢問、磋商、質(zhì)疑、公證人監(jiān)管程序和調(diào)解程序、行政復議以及訴訟程序，而訴訟程序又因國家和地區(qū)的不同分為民事訴訟程序和行政訴訟程序。根據(jù)我國《政府采購法》的規(guī)定，對于政府采購合同的救濟方式主要有詢問、質(zhì)疑、投訴、行政復議和行政訴訟等途徑，但是與此同時，《政府采購法》第43條規(guī)定了：“政府采購合同適用合同法”。因此，對于政府采購合同的司法救濟方式在現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定有一定沖突的情況下存在很大的爭議。現(xiàn)行立法的規(guī)定，在一定程度上帶來了救濟方式適用的混亂、糾紛解決機制的復雜、民事合同相關制度不適應的狀況。而在實踐之中，也有一些案例表明了現(xiàn)行政府采購合同司法救濟方式存在的問題，其中尤以暫停制度的缺失與政府采購公益訴訟制度的缺位為代表。這些情況的存在，都給我國政府采購合同制度的健康有序運行、行政管理目標的實現(xiàn)、當事人利益與公共利益的維護帶來一定的消極影響。 為此，本文在介紹世界其他國家和地區(qū)政府采購合同救濟方式的基礎上，提出了完善我國政府采購司法救濟制度的建議，以期促進我國政府采購合同糾紛救濟制度的完善與發(fā)展。一方面，，應當完善撤銷訴訟，將質(zhì)疑和投訴規(guī)定為行政訴訟的非必經(jīng)的前置程序，并且賦予法院在審查的基礎上裁定中止招投標程序的進行或者采購合同的執(zhí)行的權力。另一方面，應當構(gòu)建政府采購公益訴訟，明確政府采購公益訴訟的原告、舉證責任的分配、費用、激勵措施以及防止濫訴現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的制度。
[Abstract]:The government procurement system is a system which has been established and perfected with the development of the economy and society. With the development of this system, the frequency of the government procurement contract appears more and more frequently, and the application scope is more and more wide. It affects the realization of the administrative target of the administrative subject, and affects the rights and interests of the administrative counterpart in all aspects. At the same time, the academic circles have paid more and more attention to the government procurement contract, especially the choice of the nature of the government procurement contract and the way of relief.
Contract is a legal means which is often introduced and commented in private law. But with the continuous development of administrative law, the contract has also become an important administrative way of administrative activities. The contract of the administrative field is usually called administrative contract or administrative contract. The administrative contract is the development of the economy, the Democratic system and the welfare. The appearance of the state has been developing continuously. It is different from the civil contract, including the main body, the procedure, the rights and obligations, the purpose and the way of relief. For the government procurement contract, this article holds that the government procurement contract refers to the use of financial funds by the purchaser or the procurement agency. A contract for the acquisition of goods, engineering and service in the form of purchase, lease, entrustment and employment. In the academic world, the nature of the contract of government procurement has an administrative contract, a civil contract and a mixed nature, the specificity of the party, the public nature of the source of funds, the public welfare of the contract purpose, The openness and strictness of the procedure determines that it has a certain particularity compared with the civil contract and the administrative contract. Therefore, this article defines it as an administrative contract with a strong civil contract color according to the characteristics of the government procurement contract and the relevant provisions of the law of our country.
For the relief of government procurement contracts, there are mainly inquiries, consultations, questions, public notarial supervision procedures and mediation procedures, administrative reconsideration and litigation procedures in different countries and regions, and the proceedings are divided into civil proceedings and administrative litigation procedures due to the differences between countries and regions. The remedies for government procurement contracts are mainly inquired, questioned, complains, administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation, but at the same time, the forty-third article of the government procurement law stipulates that "the contract law of the government procurement contract is applicable". Therefore, the judicial remedy for the government procurement contract is deposited under the circumstances of a certain conflict in the current law. In a great dispute, the provisions of the current legislation have brought about the confusion of the application of relief methods, the complexity of the dispute settlement mechanism and the situation of the civil contract related systems. In practice, some cases also show the existing problems of the current government procurement contract judicial rescue mode, especially the suspension system. The absence of the system of public interest litigation in government procurement is represented by the absence of the system. The existence of these conditions has brought some negative effects on the healthy and orderly operation of the government procurement contract system, the realization of the administrative objectives, the interests of the parties and the maintenance of the public interest.
Therefore, on the basis of introducing the relief mode of government procurement contract in other countries and regions of the world, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the judicial relief system of government procurement in our country, in order to promote the improvement and development of the relief system of the government procurement contract disputes. On the one hand, we should complete the revocation of the lawsuit and make the query and complaint as the administrative complaint. The non compulsory prepositional procedure of the lawsuit and the power of the court to adjudication of the bidding procedure and the execution of the purchase contract on the basis of the review. On the other hand, the government procurement public interest litigation should be constructed to clarify the plaintiff of the government procurement public interest litigation, the distribution of the burden of proof, the cost, the incentive measures and the prevention of the abuse of the lawsuit. The emergence of a system.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.2

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