發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-22 18:59

  本文選題：海上保險(xiǎn) + 非法性問(wèn)題��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：非法性問(wèn)題是任何商業(yè)交易都要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題,海上保險(xiǎn)亦是如此,交易中出現(xiàn)的非法行為不僅損害當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)利,也會(huì)對(duì)行業(yè)發(fā)展和社會(huì)利益產(chǎn)生不利影響。諸多先例已經(jīng)指出,非法性問(wèn)題在英國(guó)法中是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的領(lǐng)域,而且,法院在實(shí)踐中也創(chuàng)造了無(wú)數(shù)的規(guī)則。需要肯定這些規(guī)則對(duì)法院后來(lái)的判決的指導(dǎo)意義,但是也造成了這一領(lǐng)域法律的不穩(wěn)定。在海上保險(xiǎn)這一特殊的領(lǐng)域,處理非法性問(wèn)題的方法有其特殊性。英國(guó)《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》第41條,即著名的合法性保證,給被保險(xiǎn)人施加了一種極不公平且具有剛性的義務(wù),要求被保險(xiǎn)人嚴(yán)格遵守保證,而且無(wú)論違反保證是否與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)聯(lián),保險(xiǎn)人都將自動(dòng)解除責(zé)任。但是,從早期判例中可以看出,海上保險(xiǎn)法中的非法性規(guī)則的內(nèi)容遠(yuǎn)比第41條復(fù)雜。英國(guó)普通法中非法性規(guī)則似乎可以解決海上保險(xiǎn)法中的僵化問(wèn)題。本文以英國(guó)普通法中的非法性規(guī)則和海上保險(xiǎn)法中的合法性保證為研究對(duì)象,采用比較分析法、歷史分析法、體系化方法,探討海上保險(xiǎn)中的合法性保證之規(guī)定是否完備,以及與一般合同法非法性規(guī)則之間應(yīng)否協(xié)調(diào)、能否協(xié)調(diào)等理論問(wèn)題,并在分析具體保險(xiǎn)制度的基本原理以及考察國(guó)外保險(xiǎn)相關(guān)立法的發(fā)展動(dòng)向基礎(chǔ)之上,提出我國(guó)立法對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)中的非法性問(wèn)題的完善建議。除引言和結(jié)論外,本文分為五章,主要內(nèi)容如下:第一章對(duì)英國(guó)普通法中的非法性規(guī)則進(jìn)行初步研究,重點(diǎn)介紹合同法領(lǐng)域中非法性抗辯的起源,分析當(dāng)前英國(guó)法中適用的非法性抗辯規(guī)則,并通過(guò)判例來(lái)說(shuō)明合同法非法性規(guī)則在海上保險(xiǎn)案件中的適用。第二章從《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》第41條規(guī)定的合法性保證入手,運(yùn)用歷史分析方法,分析18世紀(jì)到1906年之間的諸多判例,探究合法性保證的歷史起源與發(fā)展歷程,闡述第41條的內(nèi)涵和外延,并討論第41條是否真實(shí)地反映出先例的判決意見(jiàn)。第三章通過(guò)比較研究的方法分析了第41條的性質(zhì),并從不同角度闡述了普通法非法性規(guī)則與海上保險(xiǎn)合法性保證之間的區(qū)別。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》中合法性保證規(guī)定的不足之處展開(kāi)論述。第四章通過(guò)舉例考察了英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)合法性保證的立法動(dòng)向,重點(diǎn)分析了英國(guó)《2015年保險(xiǎn)法》帶來(lái)的重大變革,闡述新法對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)法中的合法性保證產(chǎn)生的影響,新法生效之后該如何處理海上保險(xiǎn)中的非法性問(wèn)題。同時(shí),對(duì)于這部法律對(duì)合法性保證的未盡事項(xiàng)也展開(kāi)了初步討論。第五章介紹了我國(guó)法律中對(duì)非法性問(wèn)題的相關(guān)規(guī)定,分別對(duì)一般合同法和保險(xiǎn)法律進(jìn)行探討,分析了我國(guó)對(duì)合同違法問(wèn)題和海上保險(xiǎn)保證問(wèn)題的立法現(xiàn)狀。通過(guò)與英國(guó)相關(guān)法律的比較分析,文章建提出應(yīng)該在考慮當(dāng)事人的意圖并兼顧商業(yè)便利的基礎(chǔ)上,修改合同違反法律產(chǎn)生的后果;在海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域,廢除默示的合法性保證,將其變?yōu)楹贤拿魇緱l款,并且在判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中加入因果關(guān)系原則,同時(shí),法院在審理案件時(shí)也應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮普通法規(guī)則中涉及的諸多因素。
[Abstract]:The problem of illicit sex is the problem that any commercial transaction must face, as is the case of maritime insurance. The illegal behavior in the transaction not only damages the legitimate rights of the parties, but also has a negative impact on the development of the industry and the social interests. The court has also created numerous rules in practice. It is necessary to affirm the guiding significance of these rules to the court's later judgment, but it also leads to the instability of the law in this field. In this particular field of marine insurance, the method of dealing with the illicit problem has its particularity. The British "maritime insurance act of 1906", forty-first, the famous legality. Sex guarantee gives the insured an extremely unfair and rigid obligation to require the insured to strictly observe the guarantee, and the insurer will automatically remove the liability regardless of whether the guarantee is associated with the risk. However, it can be seen from the early jurisprudence that the content of the illegal rules in the marine insurance law is far more complex than that of the forty-first. The illegal rules in British ordinary law seem to be able to solve the problem of fossilization in the maritime insurance law. This article is based on the illegal rules in the general law of the UK and the validity of the maritime insurance law as the research object, using comparative analysis, historical analysis and systematic methods to discuss the provisions of the legal guarantee in marine insurance. On the basis of the completeness, the coordination between the illegal rules of the general contract law, the coordination and other theoretical issues, and on the basis of the analysis of the basic principles of the specific insurance system and the development trend of the related legislation of foreign insurance, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of the illicit problems in marine insurance in China. The article is divided into five chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter is a preliminary study of the illegal rules in the general law of Britain, focusing on the origin of the illicit defense in the field of contract law, analyzing the illegal rules of defense applicable in the current British law, and explaining the application of the illegal rules of the contract law in the case of maritime insurance through a case. The two chapter, starting with the legal guarantee of the maritime insurance law of <1906 > forty-first provisions, analyzes many cases between eighteenth Century and 1906 by using the historical analysis method, explores the historical origin and development course of the guarantee of legitimacy, expounds the connotation and extension of the forty-first articles, and discusses whether the forty-first articles reflect the verdict of the precedent. Third The chapter analyzes the nature of the forty-first articles through comparative study, and expounds the difference between the illegal rules of common law and the guarantee of the validity of maritime insurance from different angles. On this basis, the paper discusses the shortcomings of the legal guarantee in the maritime insurance law of <1906. The fourth chapter examines the Commonwealth countries by an example. The legislative trend of the assurance of the legality of maritime insurance focuses on the major changes brought about by the British <2015 insurance law and the influence of the new law on the guarantee of the validity of the maritime insurance law. After the new law comes into effect, how to deal with the illicit problems in marine insurance. At the same time, it is not necessary for this law to guarantee the legitimacy of the law. The fifth chapter introduces the relevant provisions of the illegal problems in our country's law, discusses the general contract law and the insurance law respectively, analyzes the legislative status of the problems of the law of contract and the guarantee of maritime insurance in our country. On the basis of human intention and taking into account business convenience, the consequences of the contract violating the law are amended; in the field of marine insurance, the implied legal guarantee is abolished, the implied terms of the contract are changed, and the principle of causality is added to the judgment standard, and the courts should also consider the various rules involved in the common law in the case of the case. Multiple factors.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D951.6;DD912.28

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 鄭睿;;英國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度改革評(píng)析[J];中國(guó)海商法研究;2016年02期

2 于海東;;英國(guó)2015《保險(xiǎn)法》對(duì)我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法的借鑒意義[J];上海保險(xiǎn);2016年03期

3 傅廷中;;海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在與未來(lái)[J];中國(guó)海商法研究;2013年04期

4 楊帆;;論追溯保險(xiǎn)的合法性基礎(chǔ)及構(gòu)成要件[J];上海保險(xiǎn);2011年02期

5 李楨;;從大陸法系國(guó)家角度看中國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)模式下保證制度的改革及引入[J];中國(guó)海商法年刊;2007年00期

6 王淑梅;;《關(guān)于審理海上保險(xiǎn)糾紛案件若干問(wèn)題的規(guī)定》的理解與適用[J];人民司法;2006年12期

7 邢海寶;;海上保險(xiǎn)的保證[J];中外法學(xué);2005年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王海波;論中國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法與一般保險(xiǎn)法之協(xié)調(diào)[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 李敏;中國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度探究及改進(jìn)[D];華東政法大學(xué);2016年

2 楊雨薇;英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)法保證制度的改革及對(duì)中國(guó)相關(guān)立法的啟示[D];華東政法大學(xué);2016年

3 孟聃;英國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度及我國(guó)相關(guān)法律制度研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1788496