本文選題：所有權(quán)保留　切入點(diǎn)：善意第三人　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：所有權(quán)保留制度是一種能夠克服傳統(tǒng)擔(dān)保制度的缺陷而興起的非典型的擔(dān)保制度,買受人無須自力提供擔(dān)保卻能占有并使用標(biāo)的物,出賣人也能通過保留標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)來保障其債權(quán),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)財產(chǎn)所有與財產(chǎn)利用的有效結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會資源的有效配置,它不僅在微觀上能起到保障債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的擔(dān)保目的,同時在宏觀上有著促進(jìn)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的功用。我國《合同法》第134條將所有權(quán)保留制度合法化,明確規(guī)定了買賣雙方當(dāng)事人之問的權(quán)利義務(wù)。然而,對于處理所有權(quán)保留買賣中買賣雙方當(dāng)事人與第三人的關(guān)系現(xiàn)行立法中沒有明確的規(guī)定,影響了所有權(quán)保留制度在司法實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用。 出賣人在設(shè)定所有權(quán)保留買賣之前,在標(biāo)的物上設(shè)定擔(dān)保的,應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先保護(hù)擔(dān)保權(quán)人的利益。這在學(xué)界已經(jīng)達(dá)成共識,也是與我國的法律精神相一致的。出賣人在設(shè)定所有權(quán)保留買賣之后,由于出賣人對標(biāo)的物享有所有權(quán),且設(shè)定的所有權(quán)保留條款僅具內(nèi)部效力,故應(yīng)當(dāng)允許出賣人在標(biāo)的物上設(shè)定抵押的,并優(yōu)先保護(hù)善意抵押權(quán)人的利益。 買受人依照所有權(quán)保留條款依法占有標(biāo)的物,第三人完全有理由相信買受人對標(biāo)的物享有所有權(quán)而同意出賣人在標(biāo)的物上設(shè)定擔(dān)保。此時應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先保護(hù)善意第三擔(dān)保物權(quán)人的利益,這是由物權(quán)的優(yōu)先性和追及力所決定的,并且我國《物權(quán)法》也為第三擔(dān)保物權(quán)人的利益提供了保障。 出賣人在設(shè)定所有權(quán)保留買賣前,將標(biāo)的物轉(zhuǎn)讓于第三人尚未交付的,應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先保護(hù)保留買主的利益,這是與我國處理“一物二買”的精神相一致的。出賣人在設(shè)定所有權(quán)保留買賣后,由于其對標(biāo)的物保留了所有權(quán),出賣人仍然有權(quán)對標(biāo)的物進(jìn)行處分。在這種情況下,如果標(biāo)的物已經(jīng)實(shí)際為出賣人占有,或者標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)已經(jīng)移轉(zhuǎn)至第三買受人,或者在標(biāo)的物之上負(fù)擔(dān)的“期待權(quán)”已經(jīng)解除時,第三買受人可以依法獲得標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)；而在標(biāo)的物已經(jīng)為保留買家實(shí)際占有并償付完剩余買價債權(quán)時，標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)歸屬于保留買受人。 期待權(quán)是一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的具有經(jīng)濟(jì)價值的權(quán)利,應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)可保留買主對該項(xiàng)權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓的效力。至于保留買主對所有權(quán)保留之物的所有權(quán)做出無權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的行為,則可以依照善意取得的相關(guān)規(guī)定予以處理。 保留買主的債權(quán)人對標(biāo)的物申請強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行時,出賣人可以已經(jīng)依據(jù)其享有的所有權(quán)對標(biāo)的物強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行申請異議并終止執(zhí)行；而出賣人的債權(quán)人對標(biāo)的物申請強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行時,由于我國法律并沒有期待權(quán)人異議中請權(quán),此時應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先保護(hù)出賣人的債權(quán)人的利益。
[Abstract]:Retention of title is an atypical security system that has emerged to overcome the shortcomings of traditional security systems, where the buyer is able to possess and use the subject matter without having to provide security on his own.The seller can also protect the creditor's rights by retaining the ownership of the subject matter, thus realizing the effective combination of property ownership and property utilization, and realizing the effective allocation of social resources, which can not only guarantee the realization of the creditor's rights, but also guarantee the realization of the creditor's rights.At the same time, it has the function of promoting social and economic development on the macro level.Article 134 of contract Law legalizes the retention of title system and clearly stipulates the rights and obligations of both parties.However, there is no clear provision in the current legislation dealing with the relationship between the buyer and the seller and the third party, which affects the application of the retention of title system in the judicial practice.Where a seller creates security on the subject matter before creating a retention-of-title transaction, priority shall be given to protecting the interests of the security right holder.This has reached a consensus in academic circles, and is in line with the spirit of our law.Where the seller, after establishing a retention-of-title transaction, should allow the seller to create a mortgage on the subject-matter because the seller has ownership of the subject matter and the created retention of ownership clause has only internal effect,Priority is given to protecting the interests of bona fide mortgagees.The seller still has the right to dispose of the subject matter because of the reservation of ownership.In such a case, if the subject matter has actually been in the possession of the seller, or the title of the subject matter has been transferred to the third buyer, or the "right of expectation" on the subject matter has been discharged,The third buyer can acquire the title of the subject matter according to law, and the title of the subject matter belongs to the retained buyer when the subject matter has been actually possessed by the buyer and the residual purchase price claim is paid.The right of expectation is an independent right of economic value and shall recognize the validity of the reservation of the transfer of the right by the buyer.As for the right of the retention-of-title buyer to transfer the title of the retention-of-title thing, it may be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of bona fide acquisition.When the creditor who retains the buyer applies for enforcement of the subject-matter, the seller may have objected to and terminated the application for enforcement of the subject-matter on the basis of the ownership enjoyed by the seller; and when the creditor of the seller applies for enforcement of the subject-matter,Because the law of our country does not expect the right to claim in the dissent of the right holder, priority should be given to protecting the interests of the creditor of the seller.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923

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