發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-11 19:51

  本文選題：合同條款　切入點(diǎn)：合同條款歧義　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：合同是商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，合同內(nèi)容通常是通過(guò)合同條款固定下來(lái)的，由于語(yǔ)言的多義性以及其他各種原因，出現(xiàn)合同條款歧義在所難免。因合同條款歧義引起的爭(zhēng)議也是合同糾紛的常見(jiàn)原因，我國(guó)關(guān)于合同條款歧義解釋在《合同法》中有些規(guī)定，但沒(méi)有關(guān)于這方面的專門的法律規(guī)范，理論也較為空泛。鑒于此，本文以合同條款歧義解釋及解決途徑為題，探討合同條款歧義解釋的原則、方法，并對(duì)建立合同條款歧義解釋的合理模式提出了一些自己的觀點(diǎn)。 本文第一章是合同條款概述，簡(jiǎn)述了合同條款的概念和法律特征，同時(shí)比較了合同條款歧義和合同漏洞的區(qū)別，合同條款歧義是對(duì)合同條款的語(yǔ)義出現(xiàn)了兩種或兩種以上的理解，合同漏洞是合同條款有所欠缺的所導(dǎo)致的情形，比較了合同條款歧義和合同漏洞產(chǎn)生原因，具體表現(xiàn)以及處理方法上的不同。在本章中還分析了合同條款歧義產(chǎn)生的原因，合同條款歧義的產(chǎn)生原因主要有三個(gè)，語(yǔ)言文字的多義性、主體認(rèn)識(shí)能力的有限性和節(jié)約成本的需要。 第二章本文對(duì)比了大陸法系和英美法系關(guān)于合同條款歧義解釋的理論。大陸法系在合同條款歧義解釋理論上存在著意思主義和表示主義的分歧，英美法系對(duì)合同條款歧義的解釋經(jīng)歷了主觀原則、客觀原則和修正的客觀原則三個(gè)階段。 第三章闡述了我國(guó)關(guān)于合同條款歧義解釋的理論和實(shí)踐，分別從我國(guó)關(guān)于合同條款歧義解釋的立法規(guī)定和學(xué)界關(guān)于合同條款歧義的解釋理論兩方面進(jìn)行了分析。我國(guó)沒(méi)有專門關(guān)于合同條款歧義解釋的法律規(guī)范，《合同法》所確定的合同條款歧義解釋方法主要有：文義解釋、整體解釋、目的解釋、習(xí)慣解釋和誠(chéng)信解釋。學(xué)界關(guān)于合同條款歧義解釋提出了公序良俗原則、公平原則、合同自由原則以及主客觀相結(jié)合原則�！秶�(guó)際商事合同通則》和《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同公約》也有類似規(guī)定。 第四章是關(guān)于建立合同條款歧義解釋合理模式的幾點(diǎn)想法。首先本文對(duì)合同條款歧義解釋主體進(jìn)行了分析，強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)事人作為合同條款歧義解釋主體的合理性，當(dāng)事人是合同的制定者，對(duì)于合同條款歧義的解釋有著當(dāng)然的主體資格；其次，對(duì)合同條款歧義的解釋方法進(jìn)行了排序，，認(rèn)為文義解釋是應(yīng)該首先適用的，誠(chéng)信解釋是貫穿于整個(gè)解釋過(guò)程中的；最后，提出了充分發(fā)揮專家學(xué)者在合同條款歧義解釋中的作用，限制法官的自由裁量權(quán)的構(gòu)想。
[Abstract]:The contract is the product of the development of the commodity economy. The content of the contract is usually fixed by the terms of the contract, due to the ambiguity of language and various other reasons. The disputes caused by the ambiguity of contract terms are also the common causes of contract disputes. In China, there are some provisions on the interpretation of the ambiguity of contract terms in the contract Law. However, there is no special legal norm in this field, and the theory is relatively general. In view of this, this paper discusses the principles and methods of the interpretation of the ambiguity of contract terms under the title of the interpretation and solution of the ambiguity of contract terms. It also puts forward some views on establishing a reasonable model for the interpretation of the ambiguity of contract terms. The first chapter of this paper is an overview of the terms of the contract, briefly describes the concept and legal characteristics of the terms of the contract, and at the same time compares the ambiguity of the terms of the contract and the differences between the loopholes of the contract. The ambiguity of contract clause is that there are two or more kinds of understanding to the meaning of contract clause, the contract loophole is the situation caused by the lack of contract clause, and the reason of contract clause ambiguity and contract loophole is compared. In this chapter, we also analyze the causes of the ambiguity of contract terms, there are three main reasons for the ambiguity of contract terms, the ambiguity of language and text, The limitation of the subject's cognitive ability and the need of cost saving. In the second chapter, the author compares the theories of civil law system and common law system on the interpretation of contract clause ambiguity. There are differences between idealism and expressionism in the theory of contract clause ambiguity interpretation in civil law system. The interpretation of contract clause ambiguity in Anglo-American law system has experienced three stages: subjective principle, objective principle and amended objective principle. The third chapter expounds the theory and practice of the ambiguous interpretation of contract terms in China. This paper analyzes the legislative provisions of the ambiguous interpretation of contract terms in China and the interpretation theories of the ambiguity of contract terms in academic circles. There is no legal norm on the interpretation of ambiguity in contract terms in China, < contract Law. > the methods of interpretation of ambiguity of contract terms are mainly as follows: interpretation of literal meaning, The academic circles put forward the principle of public order and good custom, the principle of fairness and the principle of public order and good practice in the interpretation of ambiguity of contract terms. The principle of freedom of contract and the principle of combination of subjectivity and objectivity. The General principles of International Commercial contracts and the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods have similar provisions. Chapter 4th is about the establishment of a reasonable model of contract clause ambiguity interpretation. Firstly, this paper analyzes the subject of contract clause ambiguity interpretation and emphasizes the reasonableness of the parties as the subject of contract clause ambiguity interpretation. The parties are the makers of the contract, and have the right subject qualification for the interpretation of the ambiguity of the terms of the contract. Secondly, the interpretation methods of the ambiguity of the terms of the contract are sorted out, and it is considered that the interpretation of the meaning of the text should be applied first. Good faith interpretation runs through the whole process of interpretation; finally, it puts forward the idea of giving full play to the role of experts and scholars in the interpretation of ambiguity of contract terms and limiting the discretion of judges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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本文編號(hào)：1599671