【摘要】：隨著各港口和航道的船舶密度不斷增加,多船碰撞事故的發(fā)生日漸普遍亦日趨頻繁。國內(nèi)外對(duì)于船舶碰撞致?lián)p的理論研究大都局限于雙船碰撞致?lián)p層面,對(duì)于多船碰撞致?lián)p研究甚少。多船碰撞相較于一般的雙船碰撞而言,涉及的當(dāng)事方多、法律關(guān)系復(fù)雜,對(duì)碰撞事故的認(rèn)定和責(zé)任的明確難度大;且多船碰撞往往發(fā)生于船舶密集的港口、航道等重要區(qū)域,故除了對(duì)各當(dāng)事方的直接損害外,對(duì)海上航運(yùn)和海上經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的間接損害更是難以估量。如何解決多船碰撞致?lián)p產(chǎn)生的諸多法律問題顯得尤為重要,而中國現(xiàn)行立法關(guān)于多船碰撞致?lián)p問題卻鮮有涉及。因此,對(duì)多船碰撞致?lián)p相關(guān)法律問題進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析法、案例分析法、比較研究法等研究方法對(duì)多船碰撞致?lián)p的法律問題進(jìn)行探討。本文分四個(gè)部分進(jìn)行分析論述:第一部分探討了什么是多船碰撞,這是研究多船碰撞致?lián)p問題的前提。雖然現(xiàn)行立法并未對(duì)多船碰撞作出明確規(guī)定,但由于多船碰撞是一種特殊的船舶碰撞現(xiàn)象,因此可以從現(xiàn)有的船舶碰撞基礎(chǔ)理論中推導(dǎo)得出多船碰撞的概念和構(gòu)成要件。第二部分將多船碰撞分成多船前后碰撞、多船會(huì)遇、拖航致使多船碰撞三種情形,并對(duì)每一種情形采用不同的方法分析其碰撞關(guān)系,進(jìn)而確定各當(dāng)事方的責(zé)任。第三部分主要論述了多船碰撞致?lián)p的責(zé)任劃分問題,首先,明確了多船碰撞致?lián)p的責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)和責(zé)任劃分原則;其次,從司法實(shí)踐出發(fā),區(qū)別了單位法和分別法這兩種現(xiàn)行的責(zé)任劃分方法;最后,介紹了關(guān)于多船碰撞致?lián)p責(zé)任劃分的相關(guān)規(guī)定。第四部分分析了多船碰撞致?lián)p相關(guān)立法的完善必要性,基于對(duì)前篇所述問題的探討研究來提出有效的立法建議。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于對(duì)如何認(rèn)定多船碰撞的法律關(guān)系進(jìn)行探討,這種情形不同于雙船碰撞,不能簡(jiǎn)單的將所有當(dāng)事船舶放到一個(gè)法律關(guān)系中,對(duì)多船碰撞法律關(guān)系的分析是為了更好的認(rèn)定當(dāng)事船舶的責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:As the ship density of each port and channel is increasing, the occurrence of multi-ship collision accidents is becoming more and more frequent. The theoretical research on the damage to the ship collision at home and abroad is mostly confined to the damage level of the double-ship collision, and the research on the collision-induced damage of the multi-ship is very low. Compared with the general double-ship collision, the multi-ship collision is more complex, the legal relationship is complex, the identification and the responsibility of the collision accident are clear, and the collision of the multiple ships is often the important area of the ship-intensive port, the channel and the like, Therefore, in addition to the direct damage to the parties, the indirect damage to the maritime shipping and the maritime economy is even more difficult to measure. It is very important to solve many legal problems caused by multi-ship collision, and the current legislation of China has little involved in the problem of multi-ship collision. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the legal problems related to the collision and loss of multiple ships. This paper makes a comprehensive use of the methods of literature analysis, case analysis and comparative study to discuss the legal problems of multi-ship collision. This paper analyses the four parts: the first part discusses what is the multi-ship collision, which is the premise to study the problem of multi-ship collision. Although the current legislation does not specify the multi-ship collision, the multi-ship collision is a special ship collision phenomenon, so the concept and the component of the multi-ship collision can be derived from the existing basic theory of ship collision. In the second part, the multi-ship collision is divided into a multi-ship collision, a multi-ship meeting and a towing, so that the multi-ship collision is three situations, and the collision relation is analyzed by adopting different methods for each situation, and the responsibilities of the parties are further determined. The third part mainly discusses the responsibility division of multi-ship collision damage, first, the principle of responsibility foundation and responsibility division of multi-ship collision damage is defined, and secondly, from the judicial practice, the two existing methods of responsibility division are distinguished from the unit method and the method respectively; and finally, In this paper, the relevant regulations on the division of the damage liability for multi-ship collision are introduced. The fourth part analyses the necessity of the improvement of the related legislation of multi-ship collision, and puts forward the effective legislative proposal based on the study of the above-mentioned problems. The innovation point of this paper is to discuss how to identify the legal relation of multi-ship collision, which is different from the double-ship collision. It is not easy to put all the ships in a legal relationship, and the analysis of the relationship between the multi-ship collision law is to better determine the responsibility of the ship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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