論勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國際貿(mào)易的掛鉤方式
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-04 20:38
【摘要】：我國因為外貿(mào)加工產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá),所出口的產(chǎn)品占據(jù)了大部分的國際市場,所以在近年來獲得了“世界工廠”的稱號,2009年更超過德國成為世界第一出口國。1但是我國的出口企業(yè)以勞動密集型為主,出口產(chǎn)品的競爭優(yōu)勢主要來自低廉的勞動力成本,面對西方發(fā)達(dá)國家設(shè)置的藍(lán)色壁壘,我國的出口貿(mào)易受到了巨大的影響。本文試圖對于勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國際貿(mào)易相掛鉤的方式、歷史、原因、爭議以及我國如何應(yīng)對等問題做出研究和解答。 筆者在研究中采取了歷史的研究方法、比較分析的研究方法以及法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等交叉學(xué)科的研究方法。歷史的研究方法體現(xiàn)在本文對于勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國際貿(mào)易關(guān)系問題所進(jìn)行的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的梳理上;采用比較分析的研究方法是因為本文研究的問題一直伴隨著發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家的對立與沖突,同時還需要就我國的勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間進(jìn)行對比;而交叉學(xué)科的研究則表現(xiàn)為筆者試圖從經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的視角對于這一問題進(jìn)行綜合性的把握,進(jìn)而援引了諸如競爭優(yōu)勢學(xué)說、統(tǒng)計學(xué)上的實(shí)證研究等內(nèi)容。 本文分成五章。第一章是相關(guān)理論問題概述。筆者辨析了勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、國際勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、核心勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、藍(lán)色壁壘等基本概念,對于勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國際貿(mào)易相掛鉤的背景、歷史、勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對中國國際貿(mào)易的影響、勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國際貿(mào)易之間相關(guān)爭議的實(shí)質(zhì)等方面做出了論述。筆者認(rèn)為這一問題是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和自由貿(mào)易極大發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,反映了發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家之間由于發(fā)展水平不同、競爭優(yōu)勢不同而產(chǎn)生的深刻對立。筆者在本章的最后提出了兩種彼此之間相輔相成的掛鉤方式:政府主導(dǎo)的掛鉤方式和民間主導(dǎo)的掛鉤方式,并進(jìn)行了簡要的說明。 第二章主要對政府主導(dǎo)的掛鉤方式進(jìn)行了分析。筆者以這一掛鉤方式的表現(xiàn)形式為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),按照國內(nèi)法、雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定、普惠制、區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定以及以WTO為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體系等順序逐一進(jìn)行了論述,有關(guān)勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和WTO之間的關(guān)系是其中的重點(diǎn)。筆者梳理了發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家之間對于是否將勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入WTO的爭議,并從必要性和可行性兩方面論述了將核心勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入WTO是大勢所趨。 第三章是民間主導(dǎo)的掛鉤方式的內(nèi)容。筆者首先分析了這一掛鉤方式產(chǎn)生的原因及表現(xiàn)形式,接著著重選取了具備國際影響力的SA8000標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了研究。SA8000既包括了核心勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn),又包括了其它更為廣泛的內(nèi)容,并在認(rèn)證和監(jiān)督的模式上形成了自身的優(yōu)勢。SA8000一方面增加了我國企業(yè)的運(yùn)營成本、影響了我國的產(chǎn)品出口,但是另一方面又可以成為我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的動力,適應(yīng)和利用好SA8000符合我國的長期利益。 第四章是中國面對這一問題時所應(yīng)采取的對策。筆者認(rèn)為我國應(yīng)該報以積極的心態(tài),從法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各個層面做好準(zhǔn)備,適時建立本土化的民間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時還必須考慮到我國東西部發(fā)展不平衡這一國情,適合東部地區(qū)的應(yīng)對策略不一定適合西部地區(qū),而有關(guān)西部地區(qū)在這一問題中的角色及對策尚屬于研究的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),需要有針對性的跟進(jìn)。 第五章是結(jié)論,主要是對本文的觀點(diǎn)做出了簡單的概括。
[Abstract]:because the foreign trade processing industry is developed, the exported products occupy a large part of the international market, so in recent years the title of the World Factory has been acquired, and in 2009, Germany has become the first exporter of the world. But the export enterprises in our country are mainly labor-intensive, The competitive advantage of the export products is mainly from the low labor cost, facing the blue barrier set by the western developed countries, and the export trade of our country has been greatly affected. This paper tries to study and answer the way, history, reason, dispute and how to deal with the problems of labor standard and international trade. The author has taken the research method of history, the research method of comparative analysis and the study of the cross-discipline such as the law economics. Methods: The research method of history is reflected in the development of the relationship between the labor standard and the international trade. The research method of comparative analysis is because the problems in this paper have been the opposite of the developed countries and the developing countries. At the same time, it is necessary to make a comparison between the labor standard and the international standard in our country, and the cross-discipline research shows that the author tries to make a comprehensive grasp of this problem from the perspective of the economic field, and then, it also cites the theory of competitive advantage, the empirical study of statistics and so on. the present invention The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is related. The author has analyzed the basic concepts of labor standard, international labor standard, core labor standard, blue barrier and so on. The impact of trade, the substance of the dispute between the labour standard and international trade, etc. The author thinks that this problem is the product of the great development of the economic globalization and free trade, which reflects the difference of the development level and the competitive advantage among the developed and developing countries. In the end of this chapter, the author put forward two ways of linking with each other: the way of the government-led hook and the way of the folk-led. A brief description. The second chapter focuses on the government-led suspension. The author makes an analysis of the pattern of the hook. In the form of this hook, the author makes a discussion on the order of the classification standard, according to the domestic law, the bilateral trade agreement, the GSP, the regional trade agreement and the multilateral trading system, which is the core of the WTO, and the relation between the labor standard and the WTO The author has combed the disputes between developed and developing countries as to whether to include labor standards in the WTO, and discusses the integration of the core labor standards from the aspects of necessity and feasibility. The WTO is the general trend of the great potential. The third chapter is the people The author first analyzed the reason and expression of the hook pattern, and then focused on the selection of SA with the influence of international influence. The 8000 standard has been studied. The SA8000 includes both the core labor standards and other more extensive content, as well as the certification and supervision On the one hand, the operation cost of China's enterprises is increased, and the export of our products is affected. On the other hand, we can also become the power to upgrade the industrial structure of our country, and to adapt and use the SA80 The fourth chapter is China In the face of this problem, the author thinks that our country should take a positive attitude and make a good job in the aspects of law, economy and so on. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the situation that the development of the east and west of China is not balanced, and it is not necessary for the coping strategies in the eastern region to be suitable for the western region, and the role and the countermeasures of the western region in this problem are still under the study. The weak links, the need for targeted follow-up. Chapter V is the conclusion,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1
本文編號：2492987
[Abstract]:because the foreign trade processing industry is developed, the exported products occupy a large part of the international market, so in recent years the title of the World Factory has been acquired, and in 2009, Germany has become the first exporter of the world. But the export enterprises in our country are mainly labor-intensive, The competitive advantage of the export products is mainly from the low labor cost, facing the blue barrier set by the western developed countries, and the export trade of our country has been greatly affected. This paper tries to study and answer the way, history, reason, dispute and how to deal with the problems of labor standard and international trade. The author has taken the research method of history, the research method of comparative analysis and the study of the cross-discipline such as the law economics. Methods: The research method of history is reflected in the development of the relationship between the labor standard and the international trade. The research method of comparative analysis is because the problems in this paper have been the opposite of the developed countries and the developing countries. At the same time, it is necessary to make a comparison between the labor standard and the international standard in our country, and the cross-discipline research shows that the author tries to make a comprehensive grasp of this problem from the perspective of the economic field, and then, it also cites the theory of competitive advantage, the empirical study of statistics and so on. the present invention The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is related. The author has analyzed the basic concepts of labor standard, international labor standard, core labor standard, blue barrier and so on. The impact of trade, the substance of the dispute between the labour standard and international trade, etc. The author thinks that this problem is the product of the great development of the economic globalization and free trade, which reflects the difference of the development level and the competitive advantage among the developed and developing countries. In the end of this chapter, the author put forward two ways of linking with each other: the way of the government-led hook and the way of the folk-led. A brief description. The second chapter focuses on the government-led suspension. The author makes an analysis of the pattern of the hook. In the form of this hook, the author makes a discussion on the order of the classification standard, according to the domestic law, the bilateral trade agreement, the GSP, the regional trade agreement and the multilateral trading system, which is the core of the WTO, and the relation between the labor standard and the WTO The author has combed the disputes between developed and developing countries as to whether to include labor standards in the WTO, and discusses the integration of the core labor standards from the aspects of necessity and feasibility. The WTO is the general trend of the great potential. The third chapter is the people The author first analyzed the reason and expression of the hook pattern, and then focused on the selection of SA with the influence of international influence. The 8000 standard has been studied. The SA8000 includes both the core labor standards and other more extensive content, as well as the certification and supervision On the one hand, the operation cost of China's enterprises is increased, and the export of our products is affected. On the other hand, we can also become the power to upgrade the industrial structure of our country, and to adapt and use the SA80 The fourth chapter is China In the face of this problem, the author thinks that our country should take a positive attitude and make a good job in the aspects of law, economy and so on. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the situation that the development of the east and west of China is not balanced, and it is not necessary for the coping strategies in the eastern region to be suitable for the western region, and the role and the countermeasures of the western region in this problem are still under the study. The weak links, the need for targeted follow-up. Chapter V is the conclusion,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1
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