【摘要】：自古以來,由于航海事業(yè)的特殊風(fēng)險(xiǎn),承運(yùn)人責(zé)任一直都作為國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸法律制度的核心制度而存在。承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度經(jīng)過幾百年航運(yùn)實(shí)踐的不斷總結(jié)和發(fā)展,已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)具有鮮明時(shí)代特點(diǎn)的制度體系。為了適應(yīng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易、國際航運(yùn)多元化的發(fā)展,謀求國際海上運(yùn)輸法律的有效統(tǒng)一,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。本文采用文獻(xiàn)研究法、歷史研究法、比較研究法、利益衡量法等,通過對承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的的歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程及發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行分析、探討,并重點(diǎn)分析和評價(jià)《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的新發(fā)展,以及規(guī)則生效后承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的承擔(dān),以期在實(shí)踐中能更好的正確理解并運(yùn)用《鹿特丹規(guī)則》。針對中國當(dāng)前海運(yùn)業(yè)和國際貿(mào)易業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,試著提出對中國《海商法》修改意見。 本文分為序言、正文、結(jié)語三部分。其中,正文部分分為以下四章。 第一章,國際海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任概述。主要介紹國際海上運(yùn)輸承運(yùn)人的界定、鹿特丹規(guī)則出現(xiàn)之前國際海上運(yùn)輸公約關(guān)于承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的歷史進(jìn)程,以及簡要說明鹿特丹規(guī)則下承運(yùn)人責(zé)任新發(fā)展。 第二章,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的主要內(nèi)容。主要介紹并分析《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期間、免責(zé)事由、首要義務(wù)和責(zé)任限額,并且簡要總結(jié)《鹿特丹規(guī)則》對承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的新發(fā)展。 第三章,“鹿特丹時(shí)代”承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的承擔(dān)。鹿特丹規(guī)則在未來一旦生效必然會給國際航運(yùn)業(yè)帶來重磅影響,分析在“鹿特丹時(shí)代”承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度在實(shí)踐中的變化具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 第四章,中國《海商法》關(guān)于承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的規(guī)定及其完善。通過對中國《海商法》和《鹿特丹規(guī)則》關(guān)于承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的比較,探析中國對《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的應(yīng)對之策,并試著提出中國《海商法》關(guān)于承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的修改意見。 結(jié)論部分對《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度進(jìn)行總體評價(jià),認(rèn)為《鹿特丹規(guī)則》總體上順應(yīng)了航運(yùn)實(shí)踐的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,具有較強(qiáng)的時(shí)代性,創(chuàng)新性,系統(tǒng)性,體現(xiàn)了新的國際航運(yùn)立法精神。中國應(yīng)該認(rèn)真研究、科學(xué)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上適時(shí)加入《鹿特丹規(guī)則》。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, due to the special risk of navigation, carrier liability has always been the core system of international carriage of goods by sea. After hundreds of years of continuous summary and development of shipping practice, carrier liability system has become a distinctive system with the characteristics of the times. In order to adapt to the globalization of the world economy and international economic and trade, the development of international shipping diversification, seeking the effective unification of international maritime transport law, Rotterdam rules emerged as the times require. This article adopts the methods of literature research, history research, comparative research, interest measurement and so on, through the analysis of the historical development process and development trend of the carrier's liability system, and probes into the development trend of the carrier's liability system. It also analyzes and evaluates the new development of the carrier liability system in Rotterdam rules and the carrier's responsibility after the rules come into effect in order to better understand and apply the Rotterdam rules in practice. In view of the practical needs of the development of China's maritime transportation and international trade industry, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions on the revision of China's Maritime Code. This paper is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. Among them, the text part is divided into the following four chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the liability of international maritime carriers. This paper mainly introduces the definition of carrier in international carriage by sea, the historical process of carrier liability in the Convention on International Maritime Carriage before the appearance of Rotterdam rule, and briefly explains the new development of carrier's liability under Rotterdam rule. Chapter II, the main content of carrier's liability under Rotterdam rules. This paper mainly introduces and analyzes the carrier's liability period under the Rotterdam rules, the reasons of exemption, the primary obligations and the limitation of liability, and briefly summarizes the new development of the Rotterdam rules for the carrier's liability system. Chapter III, "Rotterdam era" carrier liability. Once the Rotterdam rule comes into effect in the future, it will bring great influence to the international shipping industry. It is of great practical significance to analyze the change of carrier liability system in the "Rotterdam era" in practice. Chapter IV, the provisions of China Maritime Law on carrier liability system and its perfection. By comparing the carrier liability system between China Maritime Code and Rotterdam rules, this paper probes into the countermeasures of China to the Rotterdam rules, and tries to put forward some suggestions on the revision of China Maritime Code on carrier liability. In conclusion, the author makes a general evaluation of the carrier's liability system in Rotterdam rules, and considers that the Rotterdam rules generally conforms to the practical needs of shipping practice and has a strong era, innovation and systematicness. Reflect the new international shipping legislation spirit. China should study carefully and join Rotterdam rules on the basis of scientific research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.19

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