【摘要】：在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后，小規(guī)模的地區(qū)間沖突不斷，平民戰(zhàn)爭受害者的比例急劇上升，其中婦女和兒童是武裝沖突的主要受害者。國際人道法賦予女性的人身權(quán)保護(hù)分為一般保護(hù)和專項保護(hù)。一般保護(hù)是指平民婦女所享有的與平民男性同等的保護(hù)；專項保護(hù)則是指專門針對婦女人身權(quán)保護(hù)的條款。國際社會應(yīng)從人身安全、性暴力、流離失所、獲取醫(yī)療保健和衛(wèi)生服務(wù)、糧食、水和住所、親屬失蹤及其對幸存者的影響等諸多方面給予平民婦女以保護(hù)。 無論是國家的實際行動，還是它的言辭行為都能有助于促進(jìn)保護(hù)武裝沖突中保護(hù)平民婦女人權(quán)的實踐的發(fā)展。許多國家的軍事指南中都涉及了關(guān)于尊重與保護(hù)武裝沖突受難婦女的義務(wù)。平民婦女是武裝沖突中極易受到傷害的弱勢群體，對平民婦女的權(quán)利進(jìn)行特殊保護(hù)一直是各大國際組織的常設(shè)議題。國際組織對于平民婦女人身權(quán)的保護(hù)主要體現(xiàn)為聯(lián)合國、國際刑事法院以及紅十字國際委員會對于平民婦女人身權(quán)的保護(hù)。根據(jù)上述國際組織的規(guī)定，婦女必須要防止受到任何攻擊，特別是防止強(qiáng)奸、強(qiáng)迫賣淫和其他任何形式的性侵犯。 雖然國家和國際組織都對武裝沖突中平民婦女人身權(quán)保護(hù)進(jìn)行了大量的一般和特殊規(guī)定，，對武裝沖突中的平民婦女人身權(quán)保護(hù)起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。但是，對于武裝沖突中平民婦女的人身權(quán)保護(hù)還存在著不少問題。這些問題主要表現(xiàn)在對武裝沖突中平民婦女人身權(quán)保護(hù)的立法不夠明確、執(zhí)行不夠到位且在司法程序上存在一定缺陷，為世界平民婦女人身權(quán)保護(hù)的實現(xiàn)帶來了諸多障礙。 面對武裝沖突中的平民婦女人身權(quán)保護(hù)中所存在問題，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)化對武裝沖突中平民婦女的相關(guān)法律的遵守、加大針對平民婦女戰(zhàn)爭犯罪的管轄范圍，只有這樣才能對武裝沖突中平民婦女的人身權(quán)進(jìn)行更加有效的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:In the aftermath of the second World War, small-scale inter-regional conflicts continued and the proportion of civilian war victims rose sharply, of which women and children were the main victims of armed conflict. The protection of women's personal rights under international humanitarian law can be divided into general protection and special protection. General protection refers to civilian women enjoy the same protection as civilian men; special protection refers to the provisions that specifically protect women's personal rights. The international community should protect civilian women in terms of physical security, sexual violence, displacement, access to health care and sanitation services, food, water and shelter, the disappearance of relatives and their impact on survivors. Both the actual actions of the State and its rhetoric can contribute to the development of the practice of protecting the human rights of civilian women in armed conflict. Many military guidelines address the obligation to respect and protect women affected by armed conflict. Civilian women are vulnerable groups in armed conflict, and the special protection of the rights of civilian women has always been a permanent issue of major international organizations. The protection of civilian women's personal rights by international organizations is mainly embodied in the protection of civilian women's personal rights by the United Nations, the International Criminal Court and the International Committee of the Red Cross. According to the provisions of the above-mentioned international organizations, women must be protected from any attack, in particular rape, forced prostitution and any other form of sexual assault. Although both national and international organizations have made a large number of general and special provisions on the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict, they have played a vital role in the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict. However, there are still many problems in the protection of civilian women's personal rights in armed conflict. These problems are mainly manifested in the lack of clear legislation on the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict, inadequate implementation and defects in judicial procedures, which have brought many obstacles to the realization of the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in the world. In the face of the problems existing in the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict, we should strengthen compliance with the relevant laws on civilian women in armed conflict and expand the jurisdiction over war crimes against civilian women. Only in this way can the human rights of civilian women in armed conflict be protected more effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D998.2

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