【摘要】：貿(mào)易自由化與貿(mào)易公平問(wèn)題一直是引起國(guó)際社會(huì)廣泛爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題,貿(mào)易自由化是否損害貿(mào)易公平,貿(mào)易公平的實(shí)現(xiàn)是否會(huì)阻礙貿(mào)易自由化的發(fā)展,這些問(wèn)題對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展提出了新的課題和挑戰(zhàn)。 從貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生之初人們對(duì)貿(mào)易的否定態(tài)度,到之后重商主義思潮的影響產(chǎn)生對(duì)貿(mào)易自由化的要求,再到生產(chǎn)力高度發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代階段對(duì)貿(mào)易公平的訴求,國(guó)際貿(mào)易經(jīng)歷了對(duì)效率、自由和公平的價(jià)值追求階段。通過(guò)分析國(guó)際貿(mào)易的歷史,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易對(duì)自由和公平的追求從未停止,而且為了推進(jìn)貿(mào)易自由化和貿(mào)易公平,WTO做出了巨大努力,制訂了以最惠國(guó)待遇、國(guó)民待遇、互惠待遇和特殊和差別待遇為主的貿(mào)易原則,在遵循貿(mào)易自由化的基礎(chǔ)上從體制上對(duì)貿(mào)易的公平進(jìn)行予以保證,體現(xiàn)了對(duì)廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的關(guān)注。雖然國(guó)際社會(huì)努力營(yíng)造公平貿(mào)易的平臺(tái),但由于貿(mào)易原則在實(shí)施過(guò)程中,普惠制的單方授予性和附條件性、國(guó)民待遇例外的模糊性和濫用、特殊和差別待遇的體制性缺陷等原因,使貿(mào)易原則的作用大打折扣；而且貿(mào)易各方紛紛從國(guó)內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法入手,制定有利于自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策,并將人權(quán)條件、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘悄然納入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策中,這扭曲了貿(mào)易自由化的本旨；加之與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的貿(mào)易救濟(jì)措施的不當(dāng)使用,旨在彌補(bǔ)貿(mào)易不公平的“兩反一補(bǔ)”措施卻成了貿(mào)易公平運(yùn)行的絆腳石�；趪�(guó)際貿(mào)易運(yùn)行的現(xiàn)狀,構(gòu)建一個(gè)公平的自由貿(mào)易體制就成為大勢(shì)所趨,該貿(mào)易體制要以有效的非互惠待遇為基礎(chǔ),協(xié)調(diào)與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的各項(xiàng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策,引導(dǎo)各貿(mào)易主體合理運(yùn)用技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)和貿(mào)易救濟(jì)措施,打造一個(gè)公平的貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)平臺(tái)。
[Abstract]:The issue of trade liberalization and trade equity has always been a controversial issue in the international community. Whether trade liberalization damages trade fairness and whether the realization of trade equity will hinder the development of trade liberalization. These problems pose new problems and challenges to the development of international trade. From the negative attitude of people to trade at the beginning of trade, to the demand of trade liberalization due to the influence of mercantilism, to the demand of trade fairness in the modern stage of high development of productive forces, international trade has experienced a great deal of efficiency. Freedom and fairness in the pursuit of the value of the stage. By analyzing the history of international trade, we can find that the pursuit of freedom and fairness in international trade has never stopped, and in order to promote trade liberalization and trade fairness, WTO has made great efforts to formulate the most-favoured-nation treatment. The principle of reciprocal treatment and special and differential treatment, which guarantees the fairness of trade on the basis of trade liberalization, reflects the concern of developing countries. Despite the efforts of the international community to create a platform for fair trade, the ambiguity and abuse of exceptions to national treatment are due to the unilateral awarding and conditionality of the GSP in the implementation of trade principles, Special and differential treatment system defects and other reasons, so that the role of trade principles greatly reduced; Moreover, all sides of trade begin with domestic competition law, formulate competition policy in favor of themselves, and bring human rights conditions and technical barriers to trade into competition policy quietly, which distorts the original aim of trade liberalization; In addition to the improper use of trade relief measures related to trade, the "two opposing and one supplement" measures aimed at compensating trade inequity have become a stumbling block to the fair operation of trade. Based on the current operation of international trade, the construction of a fair and free trade system has become the trend of the times. The trade system should be based on effective non-reciprocal treatment and coordinate various competition policies related to trade. Guide each trade main body to make use of technical advantage and trade relief measures reasonably, build a fair trade competition platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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