【摘要】：人們普遍譴責(zé)腐敗,可是腐敗無處不在。 政治腐敗、官僚腐敗、司法腐敗、商事腐敗,小腐敗,大腐敗,形形色色的腐敗,相互交織,難以理清。腐敗以各種形式存在。然不論何種腐敗,其本質(zhì)都是濫用職權(quán),謀個(gè)人私利。被濫用的職權(quán),在公,為全體人民委任,在私,則為當(dāng)事人信托；在公,侵害了職務(wù)的廉潔性,在私,則違反了對(duì)信托人的忠誠(chéng)義務(wù)。腐敗引致危害,重則危及國(guó)家穩(wěn)定,禍及全體人民福祉,輕也及于他人,損及公平公正,挑戰(zhàn)道德底線。本文僅就國(guó)際商事交易中的腐敗問題進(jìn)行探討,且僅限于部分問題,未能全部展開。未論及的問題,尚待以后認(rèn)真研習(xí)。 本文從四個(gè)部分對(duì)國(guó)際商事交易中的腐敗問題進(jìn)行論述,第一部分對(duì)本文研究的對(duì)象進(jìn)行描述和界定,分別從國(guó)際商事交易中腐敗的含義、腐敗行為的構(gòu)成及國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)這種腐敗治理的立法進(jìn)展情況進(jìn)行討論,認(rèn)為經(jīng)過近二十年的國(guó)際努力,國(guó)際商事交易中的腐敗并未得到有效控制,因而有必要加強(qiáng)規(guī)制。在第一部分的基礎(chǔ)上,第二部分主要探討對(duì)國(guó)際商事交易中腐敗行為的制裁,分別從制裁的原則和制裁的方式進(jìn)行論述。在制裁的原則方面,根據(jù)國(guó)際反腐敗公約的相關(guān)規(guī)定,抽象出制裁的有效性、相稱性和勸阻性三個(gè)原則,作為對(duì)腐敗行為制裁的指導(dǎo)原則。在制裁的方式方面,論及到刑事的和非刑事的方法,并就非刑事制裁方法作了傾向性的論述,認(rèn)為在對(duì)腐敗治理中,應(yīng)充分利用非刑事的方法,特別是通過對(duì)腐敗合同的效力否定和民事?lián)p害賠償制度,對(duì)腐敗行為人進(jìn)行制裁,以增加對(duì)腐敗行為制裁的效果。第三部分就國(guó)際商事交易中腐敗行為的司法管轄權(quán)問題展開討論,在對(duì)有關(guān)涉外案件管轄權(quán)的一般問題作一簡(jiǎn)單論述之后,重點(diǎn)探討對(duì)國(guó)際商事交易中腐敗行為的刑事司法管轄權(quán)問題,并對(duì)美國(guó)《反海外腐敗行為》有關(guān)管轄權(quán)的司法實(shí)踐進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià),認(rèn)為國(guó)際社會(huì)在對(duì)國(guó)際商事交易中腐敗行為的管轄權(quán)上,存在著擴(kuò)大管轄的趨勢(shì)。第四部分就國(guó)際社會(huì)多年來對(duì)國(guó)際商事交易中腐敗行為規(guī)制的效果進(jìn)行分析,并就我國(guó)的相關(guān)法律制度進(jìn)行探討,提出修改完善的建議。就國(guó)際規(guī)制的效果而言,認(rèn)為雖然經(jīng)過多年的國(guó)際努力,各國(guó)都在國(guó)內(nèi)法中就國(guó)際商事交易中的腐敗行為的規(guī)制進(jìn)行了立法完善,但各國(guó)的執(zhí)法決心程度影響了規(guī)制的效果,總體上,國(guó)際規(guī)制的效果不太理想,以后的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)應(yīng)該是動(dòng)員民間社會(huì)或者私營(yíng)部門的積極參與,才會(huì)促進(jìn)腐敗的有效治理。在我國(guó)的相關(guān)法律制度方面,著重對(duì)新近的與此問題有關(guān)的立法進(jìn)行了論述,認(rèn)為刑法中對(duì)外國(guó)公職人員或者國(guó)際公共組織官員行賄罪的規(guī)定還有不足之處,需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)男薷暮屯晟?刑事訴訟法中的審判前違法所得沒收制度也不足以對(duì)腐敗行為人進(jìn)行有效的制裁,需要在民事法律中賦予腐敗行為受害人以損害賠償?shù)臋?quán)利,且在合適的時(shí)候,對(duì)這種訴權(quán)主體予以擴(kuò)大,并改造現(xiàn)行的刑事附帶民事訴訟制度,擴(kuò)大民眾的參與,同時(shí),還就與腐敗治理相關(guān)的公職人員財(cái)產(chǎn)申報(bào)制度、舉報(bào)人保護(hù)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度、腐敗行為受害人損害賠償制度進(jìn)行了分析論證,提出相應(yīng)的完善建議。認(rèn)為僅依賴國(guó)家的公權(quán)力治理腐敗是不夠的,必須充分發(fā)動(dòng)群眾,讓更多的人參與進(jìn)來,才能有效地治理腐敗。
[Abstract]:Corruption is widely condemned, but corruption is everywhere. Political corruption, bureaucratic corruption, judicial corruption, commercial corruption, small corruption, corruption, all kinds of corruption, cross-cutting, and difficulty It's clear. Corruption is in all forms. In no matter what kind of corruption, it is in its essence the abuse of power and personal gain. The power to be abused, in the public, the appointment of all the people and in the private sector, is the trust of the parties; in the public, the integrity of the job is infringed and the integrity of the office is violated, and the loyalty of the trust person is violated. (a) The consequences of corruption, which endanger the well-being of the State, the well-being of the whole population, the light and the justice of others, the loss and the fair and the challenge of the moral ground line. This article only discusses the corruption in international commercial transactions, and is limited to some problems and fails to show all the issues. Open. The issues that are not addressed are yet to be studied carefully. This paper discusses the problem of corruption in international commercial transactions from four parts, and the first part describes and defines the objects studied in this paper. The meaning of corruption, the composition of the act of corruption and the progress of the international community's legislation on the governance of corruption have been discussed. It is believed that the corruption in international commercial transactions has not been effectively controlled through nearly two decades of international efforts, and it is necessary to add On the basis of the first part, the second part mainly discusses the sanctions of corrupt practices in international commercial transactions, from the principles of the sanctions and the methods of the sanctions, respectively. in accordance with the relevant provisions of the International Convention against Corruption, the three principles of the effectiveness, proportionality and dissuasion of sanctions are, in the light of the principles of the sanctions, as a means of sanctions against acts of corruption The principle of conduct. In the way of sanctions, criminal and non-criminal methods are addressed and a tendentious discussion of the method of non-criminal sanctions is made, and it is considered that, in the administration of corruption, non-criminal methods should be fully utilized, in particular through negative and civil damage to the effectiveness of the contracts for corruption to impose sanctions on the perpetrators of corruption in order to increase the sanctions against acts of corruption The third part discusses the jurisdiction of the corruption in international commercial transactions. After a brief discussion of the general problems concerning the jurisdiction of foreign cases, the article focuses on the criminal jurisdiction over the corruption in international commercial transactions. The right question, and the judicial practice of the relevant jurisdiction of the United States have been analyzed and evaluated, and it is considered that the international community has an extended jurisdiction over the jurisdiction over the corruption in international commercial transactions. The fourth part analyzes the effect of corruption in international commercial transactions for many years, and probes into the relevant legal system in our country, and puts forward the modification and perfection. With regard to the effect of international regulation, the author holds that, despite the international efforts of many years, all countries have made legislation perfect in the domestic law on the regulation of corrupt practices in international commercial transactions, but the degree of determination of the law enforcement of all countries has affected the effect of the regulation. In general, the effect of international regulation is not ideal, and the future development trend should be to mobilize the active participation of civil society or the private sector to promote corruption. In our country's relevant legal system, the article mainly discusses the recent legislation related to this problem, and points out that the provisions of the criminal law for the bribery of foreign public officials or officials of the international public organizations still have the disadvantages and need to be modified appropriately and the system of the confiscation of the illegal gains before the trial in the criminal procedure law is not sufficient to impose effective sanctions on the perpetrators of corruption, In order to expand, and to transform the existing system of criminal and incidental civil action, to expand the participation of the people, the system of compensation for victims of corruption is divided into the system of the declaration of property of public officials related to the governance of corruption, the protection of the whistle-blowers and the system of reward and compensation, and the compensation system for victims of corruption. analysis and demonstration, and put forward the corresponding completion Good advice. It is not enough to rely on the state's public power to deal with corruption. It is necessary to mobilize the masses and let more people come in for effective treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D996

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