中美輪胎特保案法律問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 05:02
【摘要】：2009年美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的出口輪胎應(yīng)用了特殊保障措施，雖然2011年9月5日，世界貿(mào)易組織上訴機(jī)構(gòu)作出中國(guó)敗訴的最終裁決，，但是該特保措施的采用不符合美國(guó)的國(guó)際承諾，更不符合WTO相關(guān)文件中所確定的國(guó)際規(guī)則。我國(guó)將此案訴求WTO確定的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制進(jìn)行處理，以此維護(hù)中國(guó)應(yīng)有的合法主權(quán)，同時(shí)反對(duì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中存在的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義，維護(hù)公平與正義。 本文以中美輪胎特保案作為研究基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)中美輪胎特保案中涉及的進(jìn)口快速增長(zhǎng)、實(shí)質(zhì)損害或者實(shí)質(zhì)損害威脅以及進(jìn)口快速增長(zhǎng)與實(shí)質(zhì)損害之間所存在的重要因果關(guān)系等諸多法律爭(zhēng)議進(jìn)行深入的分析，得出了中美輪胎特保案對(duì)中國(guó)的啟示。此案對(duì)我國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)以及貿(mào)易環(huán)境都有很重要的影響，對(duì)完善我國(guó)特殊保障措施方面的應(yīng)對(duì)策略有一定的積極作用。 文章具體內(nèi)容包括： 一、案情回顧。本部分首先對(duì)中美輪胎特保案進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的介紹，然后對(duì)該案的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)、進(jìn)程進(jìn)行全面的追蹤，最后在上訴機(jī)構(gòu)作出最終裁決結(jié)果之后，闡述該案對(duì)我國(guó)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成的影響。 二、特殊保障措施的源起。在對(duì)該案進(jìn)行介紹之前，首先需要對(duì)特殊保障措施有全面的了解，本部分將從WTO體制下的保障措施、特殊保障措施的演變、各國(guó)關(guān)于特殊保障措施的相關(guān)立法等三個(gè)方面對(duì)特保措施進(jìn)行闡釋。 三、中美輪胎特保案的法律爭(zhēng)議。我國(guó)加入WTO的承諾之一就是接受特保措施條款，當(dāng)我國(guó)的出口產(chǎn)品給其它WTO成員國(guó)家生產(chǎn)同類產(chǎn)品或者直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)造成市場(chǎng)擾亂，或者對(duì)第三方產(chǎn)生重大貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)，世界貿(mào)易組織的進(jìn)口成員方或者第三方在過渡期內(nèi)可以對(duì)我國(guó)的出口產(chǎn)品采用特殊保障措施。一般認(rèn)為，構(gòu)成市場(chǎng)擾亂要滿足三個(gè)要件，即進(jìn)口快速增長(zhǎng)、實(shí)質(zhì)損害或?qū)嵸|(zhì)損害威脅、進(jìn)口快速增長(zhǎng)和實(shí)質(zhì)損害之間存在重要因果關(guān)系，本文將重點(diǎn)從這三個(gè)要件入手，對(duì)該案中存在的法律爭(zhēng)議進(jìn)行深入分析。 四、中美輪胎特保案法律問題對(duì)中國(guó)的啟示。中國(guó)將此次貿(mào)易糾紛訴諸WTO，雖然最后結(jié)果不盡如意，但對(duì)中國(guó)來說卻是一次寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，事后反思、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)大有必要。本部分將從正確評(píng)價(jià)輪胎特保案、積極運(yùn)用舉證責(zé)任、發(fā)揮政府的宏觀調(diào)控能力三方面分析該案帶給中國(guó)的啟示。 五、后記。本論文的寫作過程中，由于作者在研究水平、研究條件等方面存在一定的局限，需要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)在中美輪胎特保案法律問題方面的研究。
[Abstract]:In 2009, the United States applied special safeguard measures to China's exports of tyres. Although on September 5, 2011, the WTO Appellate body issued a final ruling on China's defeat, the use of the safeguard measure was inconsistent with the United States' international commitments. It also does not conform to the international rules established in the relevant WTO documents. In order to safeguard China's legitimate sovereignty, China opposes trade protectionism in international economic exchanges and maintains fairness and justice by handling the dispute settlement mechanism determined by WTO. Based on the Sino-American tire special protection case, this paper aims at the rapid growth of imports involved in the Sino-American tire special protection case. Based on the analysis of many legal disputes, such as substantial damage or threat of substantial damage, and the important causal relationship between the rapid growth of imports and substantial damage, the enlightenment of the Sino-American tire protection case to China is obtained. This case has a very important influence on the domestic related industries and trade environment of our country, and has a certain positive effect on perfecting the coping strategy of our country's special safeguard measures. The specific contents of the article include: first, the review of the case. In this part, first of all, a brief introduction is made to the Sino-American tire protection case, and then the process of each link of the case is comprehensively tracked, and finally, after the final decision of the appellate body has been made, This paper expounds the impact of this case on China's related industries. Second, the origin of special safeguard measures. Before introducing the case, we first need to have a comprehensive understanding of the special safeguard measures. This part will begin with the evolution of the safeguard measures under the WTO system and the special safeguard measures. The special safeguard measures are explained in three aspects: the relevant legislation of special safeguard measures. Third, the legal dispute over the Sino-American tire protection case. One of China's commitments to join the WTO is to accept special safeguard measures, when China's export products cause market disruption to other WTO member countries producing similar products or directly competing domestic industries. Or when a major trade transfer occurs to a third party, the importing party or the third party of the World Trade Organization may adopt special safeguard measures on China's export products during the transitional period. It is generally believed that there are three important elements to constitute market disruption, namely, the rapid growth of imports, the threat of substantial damage or substantial damage, and the existence of an important causal relationship between rapid growth of imports and substantial damage. This paper will focus on these three elements. The legal disputes in this case are deeply analyzed. Fourth, the Chinese and American tire special protection case legal issues to China's enlightenment. Although the final result of China's appeal to the WTO, is not satisfactory, it is a valuable experience for China, and it is necessary to review the experience and lessons learned after the event. This part will analyze the enlightenment of this case from three aspects: correct evaluation of tire special protection case, positive use of burden of proof and exertion of the government's macro-control ability. Five, postscript. In the writing process of this thesis, due to the limitations of the author's research level and research conditions, it is necessary to further strengthen the research on the legal issues of tire protection cases in China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1
本文編號(hào)：2385388
[Abstract]:In 2009, the United States applied special safeguard measures to China's exports of tyres. Although on September 5, 2011, the WTO Appellate body issued a final ruling on China's defeat, the use of the safeguard measure was inconsistent with the United States' international commitments. It also does not conform to the international rules established in the relevant WTO documents. In order to safeguard China's legitimate sovereignty, China opposes trade protectionism in international economic exchanges and maintains fairness and justice by handling the dispute settlement mechanism determined by WTO. Based on the Sino-American tire special protection case, this paper aims at the rapid growth of imports involved in the Sino-American tire special protection case. Based on the analysis of many legal disputes, such as substantial damage or threat of substantial damage, and the important causal relationship between the rapid growth of imports and substantial damage, the enlightenment of the Sino-American tire protection case to China is obtained. This case has a very important influence on the domestic related industries and trade environment of our country, and has a certain positive effect on perfecting the coping strategy of our country's special safeguard measures. The specific contents of the article include: first, the review of the case. In this part, first of all, a brief introduction is made to the Sino-American tire protection case, and then the process of each link of the case is comprehensively tracked, and finally, after the final decision of the appellate body has been made, This paper expounds the impact of this case on China's related industries. Second, the origin of special safeguard measures. Before introducing the case, we first need to have a comprehensive understanding of the special safeguard measures. This part will begin with the evolution of the safeguard measures under the WTO system and the special safeguard measures. The special safeguard measures are explained in three aspects: the relevant legislation of special safeguard measures. Third, the legal dispute over the Sino-American tire protection case. One of China's commitments to join the WTO is to accept special safeguard measures, when China's export products cause market disruption to other WTO member countries producing similar products or directly competing domestic industries. Or when a major trade transfer occurs to a third party, the importing party or the third party of the World Trade Organization may adopt special safeguard measures on China's export products during the transitional period. It is generally believed that there are three important elements to constitute market disruption, namely, the rapid growth of imports, the threat of substantial damage or substantial damage, and the existence of an important causal relationship between rapid growth of imports and substantial damage. This paper will focus on these three elements. The legal disputes in this case are deeply analyzed. Fourth, the Chinese and American tire special protection case legal issues to China's enlightenment. Although the final result of China's appeal to the WTO, is not satisfactory, it is a valuable experience for China, and it is necessary to review the experience and lessons learned after the event. This part will analyze the enlightenment of this case from three aspects: correct evaluation of tire special protection case, positive use of burden of proof and exertion of the government's macro-control ability. Five, postscript. In the writing process of this thesis, due to the limitations of the author's research level and research conditions, it is necessary to further strengthen the research on the legal issues of tire protection cases in China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1
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